An extended model for turbulent flow through horizontal-axis wind turbines

Thek-ε-fPmodel applied to double wind turbine wakes using different actuator disk force methods

“…This method is based on blade element momentum theory and it is introduced by Sørensen and Shen [20] for the actuator line technique. In later work, the method is used for AD simulations by El Kasmi and Masson [8], Réthoré et al [13], Wu and Porté-Agel [17] and others. In the present work, the implementation of Réthoré et al [13] is used, which can be summarized as:…”

Comparison of turbulence models for the computational fluid dynamics simulation of wind turbine wakes in the atmospheric boundary layer

“…Comparison of k-e default, 8 k-e Masson, 7 k-e realizable, 9 Reynolds stress model (RSM) 10 and UPMPARK. 24 A better agreement is observed for UPMPARK not only for the estimation of the maximum wind speed deficit but also for the estimation of the wake expansion.…”

“…In order to mitigate this, some modifications, leading to some improvements, have been proposed over the standard form of the k -s turbulence model. [4][5][6][7] On the other hand and together with the previous corrections, another anisotropic turbulence model based on the solution of the Reynolds stress tensor may represent an interesting alternative to second-order closures in order to face the length scale imbalance although this implies an increase in computational time.…”

Wind turbine wake properties: Comparison between a non-rotating simplified wind turbine model and a rotating model

“…pressure loss) within the surface swept by the blades (exemples for numerical [1] and physical applications [5,2,3,11,10]). Some use the Blade Element Momentum Theory, which takes into account the blade rotation effect on the wake and the aerodynamic features of the blades [13,6]. Some use Reynolds-Averaged-Navier-Stokes simulation or Large-Eddy-Simulation to compute the steady and unsteady flows through modelled or real rotors [16,15,19].…”