An Extended SFR Model With High Penetration Wind Power Considering Operating Regions and Wind Speed Disturbance

Abstract

High-penetration wind power grid access requires wind turbine generators (WTGs) to provide frequency regulation, and an accurate system frequency response (SFR) model is required for frequency stability analysis. To overcome the limitations of conventional methods, different operational regions of WTGs and wind speed disturbances are fully taken into account and a frequency response model of wind power (WPFR) participating in primary frequency control is developed by employing small signal analysis theory. Then, the WPFR model is integrated into the conventional SFR model to obtain an extended SFR model, which is given in the form of a symbolic transfer function with two input variables and single output variable, and can clearly and intuitively show the specific parameters that determine the system frequency response. Finally, the accuracy and effectiveness of the extended SFR model are verified through comparisons of the detailed model, and the impacts of initial wind speed, wind speed disturbance, and the wind power's penetration level on the system frequency response characteristics are analyzed and discussed. Such extended SFR model significantly avoids the need for modeling complex transient process while preserving the frequency response fidelity in a satisfactory level. INDEX TERMS Wind power, primary frequency control, small signal analysis, frequency response model, operational regions, wind speed disturbance, extended SFR.

Integrating Physical and Data-Driven System Frequency Response Modelling for Wind-PV-Thermal Power Systems

“…Physical modelling method has been widely used to analyze the system frequency dynamics [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Chan et al built the average system frequency model for the first time, the average system frequency behavior of a multi-generator system was modelled to investigate the effects of governor-turbine dynamics on SFR following a major loss of generation, three kinds of models were built in terms of delay model, canonical model and integrating delay and canonical model [3].…”

“…Following the physical model in [4], the multi-machine SFR model was aggregated into a single-machine model [6]. Apart from these SFR physical models built for thermal power plants, more recent studies were proposed to establish physical models for wind power plants [7][8][9][10][11][12] and PV power plants [13],…”

“…A low-order SFR model was established for power systems with high penetration of wind power plants [8]. An extended SFR model was built for high penetration of wind power, in which the operating regions and wind speed disturbance were taken into account [9]. An SFR model was proposed to analyze the system frequency dynamics of largescale power systems with high penetration of wind energy [10].…”

SFR Modeling for Hybrid Power Systems Based on Deep Transfer Learning

“…Investigation on power system frequency response (SFR) can reveal the dynamic characteristics of system frequency under the disturbance of generation or load, some approaches to SFR modelling have been presented [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. The existed power system frequency response modelling approaches can be classified as three categories: direct measurement method [3][4][5][6], mechanism analysis method [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] and data-driven method [16][17][18][19].…”

Generic System Frequency Response Model for Power Grids With Different Generations

“…In [29], a convenient method is provided to unify the model for Type-3 wind turbines with a typical SFR model of synchronous generators to construct frequency-dynamics analysis for large-scale power systems. In [30], an extended SFR model with high-penetration wind power considering operating regions and wind-speed disturbance is proposed and verified through comparisons of the detailed model. However, most studies improve the SFR model for a particular purpose, such as integration of wind power or electric vehicles.…”