An Extended Theory of Planned Behavior Intervention for Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract

A randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of a 4-wk extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) intervention to promote regular physical activity and healthy eating among older adults diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease (N= 183). Participants completed TPB measures of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention, as well as planning and behavior, at preintervention and 1 wk and 6 wk postintervention for each behavior. No significant time-by-condition effects emerged for healthy eating. For physical activity, significant time-by-condition effects were found for behavior, intention, planning, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norm. In particular, compared with control participants, the intervention group showed short-term improvements in physical activity and planning, with further analyses indicating that the effect of the intervention on behavior was mediated by planning. The results indicate that TPB-based interventions including planning strategies may encourage physical activity among older people with diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Improvement of Cardiovascular Risk Factors by Applying a Modified Educational Model of Planned Behavior Among the Employees of a Large Petrochemical Company

“…cation, which was in the line with the current study findings (35). However, White et al, reported no statistically significant changes after the intervention in the attitudes toward healthy diet (35).…”

“…The study by Senior Angulo et al, (40) stated that the mean score of intention increased significantly after the TPB-based intervention. However, White et al, reported that the intention to engage in healthy diet was not significantly different between the intervention and control groups, postintervention (35). It should be noted that although interventions targeting behavioral, normative, or control beliefs may succeed in producing the changes attributed to attitudes, subjective norms, and PBC, and finally individuals' intention toward desired direction, the intervention would have no effect unless the individuals are able to carry out these intentions.…”

“…However, White et al, reported no statistically significant changes after the intervention in the attitudes toward healthy diet (35). Furthermore, changing attitudes followed by educational intervention is not always possible.…”

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“…Intention reflects one's motivation and willingness for behavior involving (Ajzen, 1991;Hagger & Chatzisarantis, 2005) that is the main and direct determinant of a behavior (Rhodes et al, 2006;Vallance et al, 2011;Kosma, 2012). Furthermore, intentions are explained by three independent concepts, including attitude toward the behavior, subjective norm (perceived social pressure regarding to the particular behavior), and perceived behavioral control (perceived capability for conducting the behavior) (White et al, 2012). Together, these constructs are representative of a person's total motivation for performing the behavior (Kwan & Bryan, 2010).…”

Implicit Processes, Self-Regulation, and Interventions for Behavior Change

“…White et al (2012) successfully increased physical activity within chronic disease sufferers by targeting identified motivational beliefs from the TPB alongside planning strategies. French et al (2012) found increases in walking behavior in a combined TPB motivation and volition intervention compared to those targeting motivation and volition separately.…”