An Extension of BSDL for Multimedia Bitstream Syntax Description

Devillers, S.

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-45209-6_163

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The BS Schema language [4] extends of XML Schema [10] with mechanisms to specify the bit-level equivalent for XML data types, as well as conditional structures to describe parsing of a bitstream. As a result, a BS Schema elegantly describes both the bitstream, its XML representation (the Bitstream Syntax Description, or BSD), and the translation between the two.…”

Section: Bitstream Syntax Description Languagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dynamic adaptation of scalable multimedia content has received considerable attention in recent literature [3,4,12]. This enables streaming multimedia to be consumed by a wide range of devices with varying processing power and memory capacities, across networks with divergent bandwidth and error characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This enables streaming multimedia to be consumed by a wide range of devices with varying processing power and memory capacities, across networks with divergent bandwidth and error characteristics. In particular, Devillers [4] proposes a generic adaptation architecture which allows processing nodes to perform the adaptation without specific knowledge about the bitstream being performed. Such an architecture facilitates interoperability for new content formats by enabling adaptation without modifying existing infrastructure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [4] Devillers proposes a language for the BS Schema and BSD, which is discussed in section 2.1, and has been adopted as part of the MPEG-21 Multimedia Framework [11]. However, recent content formats including the H.264/AVC video standard [8], AAC [1], and the Scalable to Lossless (SLS) audio coder [9] pose significant scalability problems for generic adaptation via BSDL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An efficient approach to generic multimedia adaptation

Thomas-Kerr

Burnett

Ritz

2006

Proceedings of the 14th ACM International Conference on Multimedia

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This paper addresses efficiency issues identified in the Bitstream Syntax Description Language used by the MPEG-21 generic multimedia adaptation framework. In particular, when used to adapt modern content formats such as H.264/AVC, the time required for processing increases exponentially relative to the duration of the bitstream. In response, the paper proposes several additional features for the Bitstream Syntax Description Language which reduce the complexity of adaptation using BSDL to a linear function of bitstream duration. These features are implemented and validated using bitstreams of real-world length. Disciplines Physical Sciences and Mathematics ABSTRACTThis paper addresses efficiency issues identified in the Bitstream Syntax Description Language used by the MPEG-21 generic multimedia adaptation framework. In particular, when used to adapt modern content formats such as H.264/AVC, AAC, and SLS, the time required for processing increases exponentially relative to the duration of the bitstream. In response, the paper proposes several additional features for the Language which reduce the complexity of adaptation using BSDL to a linear function of bitstream duration. These features are implemented and validated using bitstreams of real-world length.

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Section: Bitstream Syntax Description Languagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

An efficient approach to generic multimedia adaptation

Thomas-Kerr

Burnett

Ritz

2006

Proceedings of the 14th ACM International Conference on Multimedia

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“…To this end, this generic processor named BSDtoBin utilizes the information conveyed by another XML document named Bitstream Syntax Schema (BS Schema), which specifies the constraints on the structure and datatypes of the BSDs describing bitstreams of a given coding format. A new language named Bitstream Syntax Description Language (BSDL) was developed, presented in [5] and [6] and standardized in MPEG-21 DIA [7]. It is built on top of XML Schema [8] with a set of syntactical extensions and restrictions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bitstream syntax description-based adaptation in streaming and constrained environments

Devillers

Timmerer

Heuer

et al. 2005

IEEE Trans. Multimedia

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Abstract-The seamless access to rich multimedia content on any device and over any network, usually known as Universal Multimedia Access, requires interoperable description tools and adaptation techniques to be developed. To address the latter issue, MPEG-21 Digital Item Adaptation (DIA) introduces the Bitstream Syntax Description (BSD) framework, which provides tools for adapting multimedia content in a generic (i.e., coding format independent) way. The basic idea is to use the eXtensible Markup Language (XML) to describe the high-level structure of a binary media bitstream, to transform its description [e.g., by means of eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations (XSLT)], and to construct the adapted media bitstream from the transformed description. This paper presents how this basic BSD framework, initially developed for nonstreamed content and suffering from inherent limitations and high memory consumption of XML-related technologies such as XSLT, can be advanced and efficiently implemented in a streaming environment and on resource-constrained devices. Two different attempts to solve the inherent problems are described. The first approach proposes an architecture based on the streamed processing of Simple Application Programming Interface for XML (SAX) events and adopts Streaming Transformations for XML (STX) as an alternative to XSLT, whereas the second approach breaks a BSD up into well-formed fragments called process units that can be processed individually by a standard XSLT processor. The current status of our work, as well as directions for future research, are given.

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