An Extra-adrenal Pheochromocytoma Presenting as Malignant Hypertension-A Report of two Cases

Kumar, Ujjwal; Pande, Prasad; Savita, S; A, Pk; Yelikar, B R

doi:10.7860/jcdr/2013/5139.3046

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…36,37 There have also been sporadic reports of MHT in patients with pheochromocytoma and renin--secreting tumors. [38][39][40] It is of note that, in most cases, MHT is accompanied by various life-threatening symptoms, signs, and associated complications. However, it is not uncommon to see patients denying any prior symptoms in the end stages of the hypertensive disease.…”

Section: The Immune System In Malignant Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malignant hypertension: new aspects of an old clinical entity

Januszewicz¹,

Guzik²,

Prejbisz³

et al. 2015

Polish Archives of Internal Medicine

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Malignant hypertension (MHT), also known as accelerated-malignant hypertension or malignant-phase hypertension, is the most severe form of arterial hypertension. It is defined clinically as high blood pressure (BP) levels associated with lesions of the retinal fundus (flame-shaped hemorrhages, exudates, or cotton wool spots, with or without papilledema). Despite the availability of a vast range of antihypertensive agents, MHT continues to be a significant clinical challenge. Although its prevalence is very low, the absolute number of new cases has not changed over the past decades. While the role of the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of MHT has been well described, recent studies have indicated that the immune system may also play an important role in the development of this condition. Patients with MHT are characterized by pronounced target organ damage, including structural and functional cardiac abnormalities. MHT is frequently complicated by renal insufficiency and end-stage renal disease. The survival rates for patients with MHT have improved considerably with increased availability of antihypertensive treatment. However, renal insufficiency and end-stage renal disease still remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in this patient group. In conclusion, MHT is not a "vanishing disease" because there is a relatively stable number of new cases per year. Nonetheless, prognosis and survival rates in these patients have improved significantly owing to earlier detection, stricter BP control, lower BP targets, better choice of antihypertensive drugs, and availability of hemodialysis and renal transplantation.

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Section: The Immune System In Malignant Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malignant hypertension: new aspects of an old clinical entity

Januszewicz¹,

Guzik²,

Prejbisz³

et al. 2015

Polish Archives of Internal Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Main signs and symptoms include paroxysmal or sustained hypertension, severe headaches, palpitations and sweating resulting from hormone excess. Less common are fatigue, nausea, weight loss, constipation, flushing, and fever [ 92 ].…”

Section: Catecholamine Secretionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review Paraneoplastic syndromes in olfactory neuroblastoma

Kunc¹,

Gabrych²,

Czapiewski³

et al. 2015

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Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a rare malignant neoplasm of sinonasal tract, derived from olfactory epithelium. Unilateral nasal obstruction, epistaxis, sinusitis, and headaches are common symptoms. Olfactory neuroblastoma shows neuroendocrine differentiation and similarly to other neuroendocrine tumors can produce several types of peptic substances and hormones. Excess production of these substances can be responsible for different types of endocrinological paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS). Moreover, besides endocrinological, in ONB may also occur neurological PNS, caused by immune cross-reactivity between tumor and normal host tissues in the nervous system. Paraneoplastic syndromes in ONB include: syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH), ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS), humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM), hypertension due to catecholamine secretion by tumor, opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia (OMA) and paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. Paraneoplastic syndromes in ONB tend to have atypical features, therefore diagnosis may be difficult. In this review, we described initial symptoms, patterns of presentation, treatment and outcome of paraneoplastic syndromes in ONB, reported in the literature.

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An Extra-adrenal Pheochromocytoma Presenting as Malignant Hypertension-A Report of two Cases

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

Malignant hypertension: new aspects of an old clinical entity

Malignant hypertension: new aspects of an old clinical entity

Review Paraneoplastic syndromes in olfactory neuroblastoma

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