An Extracranial Metastasis of Glioblastoma Mimicking Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

Jie, Weiping; Bai, Jiwei; Li, Binbin

doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2018.05.132

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that patients with malignant cerebral tumors develop extracranial metastases, especially after a craniotomy or cranial irradiation, and this usually worsens the prognosis. [34][35][36] Given the important roles of LVs in metastasis, we hypothesized that dorsal MLVs contribute to the dissemination of brain tumor cells. To test this, GL261-GFP + or B16-GFP + tumor cells were injected into the cisterna magna (i.c.m.)…”

Section: Prox1-creer T2+ ; R26-tdtomato +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Meningeal lymphatic vessels regulate brain tumor drainage and immunity

et al. 2020

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Recent studies have shown that meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs), which are located both dorsally and basally beneath the skull, provide a route for draining macromolecules and trafficking immune cells from the central nervous system (CNS) into cervical lymph nodes (CLNs), and thus represent a potential therapeutic target for treating neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases. However, the roles of MLVs in brain tumor drainage and immunity remain unexplored. Here we show that dorsal MLVs undergo extensive remodeling in mice with intracranial gliomas or metastatic melanomas. RNA-seq analysis of MLV endothelial cells revealed changes in the gene sets involved in lymphatic remodeling, fluid drainage, as well as inflammatory and immunological responses. Disruption of dorsal MLVs alone impaired intratumor fluid drainage and the dissemination of brain tumor cells to deep CLNs (dCLNs). Notably, the dendritic cell (DC) trafficking from intracranial tumor tissues to dCLNs decreased in mice with defective dorsal MLVs, and increased in mice with enhanced dorsal meningeal lymphangiogenesis. Strikingly, disruption of dorsal MLVs alone, without affecting basal MLVs or nasal LVs, significantly reduced the efficacy of combined anti-PD-1/CTLA-4 checkpoint therapy in striatal tumor models. Furthermore, mice bearing tumors overexpressing VEGF-C displayed a better response to anti-PD-1/CTLA-4 combination therapy, and this was abolished by CCL21/CCR7 blockade, suggesting that VEGF-C potentiates checkpoint therapy via the CCL21/CCR7 pathway. Together, the results of our study not only demonstrate the functional aspects of MLVs as classic lymphatic vasculature, but also highlight that they are essential in generating an efficient immune response against brain tumors.

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Section: Prox1-creer T2+ ; R26-tdtomato +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Meningeal lymphatic vessels regulate brain tumor drainage and immunity

et al. 2020

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“…Specifically, ENM involving the head and neck region may mimic abnormalities of the salivary glands such as parotitis (esp. if associated with pyrexia, with rapid clinical development and in the immediate postoperative period) [9-11], a primary salivary gland neoplasm [7, 12], or other neoplastic processes [13] causing potential for delay in clinical management as well as unnecessary medical interventions. Lymph nodes incorporated into the parotid gland as a result of the gland’s embryological development, drain forehead, nasal root, upper lip, cheek, temple, and external ear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, case 1 of our series is, to the best of our knowledge, the first reported case with manifestation in the parotid gland. Our review of the literature resulted in 14 prior cases of reported glioblastoma with parotid gland involvement (Table 2) [6, 9-12, 23-31]. Including the 2 cases of our series, patients with parotid gland involvement by glioblastoma presented with a male-to-female ratio of 2.2:1 and a median age of 44 years (range 24–72 years).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytology of Extraneural Metastases of Nonhematolymphoid Primary Central Nervous System Tumors: Six Cases with Histopathological Correlation and Literature Update

2021

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Introduction: Extraneural/-cranial metastases (ENM) of primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors are rare and may be diagnostically challenging. We describe the cytomorphological and pertinent clinical features of ENM in a case series assessed by fine-needle aspiration (FNA). A search of the laboratory information systems of 2 tertiary care centers in Toronto (2000–2015) was performed. Cases with direct extracranial/-spinal extension of CNS neoplasms were excluded. Microscopic slides of FNA and surgical specimens were reviewed. Demographic and clinicopathological data were retrieved. Case Presentation: Six cases were identified with the original diagnoses of glioblastoma, glioblastoma with primitive neuroectodermal tumor-like components, anaplastic ependymoma, myxopapillary ependymoma, atypical meningioma, and hemangiopericytoma. Median patient age at first diagnosis was 44 years (range 22–56). The time interval between initial diagnosis and first metastatic disease manifestation was 3 months to 19 years. All FNA diagnoses were rendered correctly. In 4 cases, immunohistochemistry was used to support the diagnosis. All cases had prior surgical intervention at the primary tumor site. In 4 cases, the ENM location was the ipsilateral parotid or buccal area. Two primary tumors in midline location developed ENM in the scapular area. Discussion/Conclusion: ENM are a rare manifestation of a range of different primary CNS tumors and may involve the ipsilateral head and neck mimicking clinically a salivary gland neoplasm. FNA can rapidly discriminate ENM from other, potentially more indolent conditions. Awareness of the clinical history is paramount to avoid diagnostic confusion.

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“…This discovery adds a new possibility on how to interpret the reported cases of distant metastasis, which yet has to be investigated. We found seven cases in literature up‐to‐date where glioblastoma invaded the parotid gland 14‐20 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We found seven cases in literature upto-date where glioblastoma invaded the parotid gland. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] In our case, metastasis occurred despite comprehensive excision and the following adjuvant therapy. The etiology of this metastasis could not be established but was most probably preceded by micro-remnants from the original tumor.…”

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confidence: 99%