An H<i>α</i> survey aiming at the detection of extraplanar diffuse ionized gas in halos of edge–on spiral galaxies

Rossa, J.; Dettmar, R.‐J.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030698

Cited by 113 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…The southern hemisphere galaxies have been observed with DFOSC 2 in imaging mode, attached to the Danish 1.54 m telescope at La Silla/Chile. More observational details are presented in our second paper, which gives the full details on each individual galaxy (Rossa & Dettmar 2003). All the galaxies, which did fit the above mentioned selection criteria, were first inspected visually on the basis of the Digitized Sky Survey (DSS).…”

Section: Hα Survey Selection Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

An Hαsurvey aiming at the detection of extraplanar diffuse ionized gas in halos of edge-on spiral galaxies

Rossa

Dettmar²

2003

A&A

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121

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Abstract. In a series of two papers we present results of a new Hα imaging survey, aiming at the detection of extraplanar diffuse ionized gas in halos of late-type spiral galaxies. We have investigated a sample of 74 nearby edge-on spirals, covering the northern and southern hemisphere. In 30 galaxies we detected extraplanar diffuse emission at mean distances of |z| ∼ 1−2 kpc. Individual filaments can be traced out to |z| ≤ 6 kpc in a few cases. We find a good correlation between the FIR flux ratio (S 60 /S 100 ) and the SFR per unit area (L FIR /D 2 25 ), based on the detections/non-detections. This is actually valid for starburst, normal and for quiescent galaxies. A minimal SFR per unit area for the lowest S 60 /S 100 values, at which extended emission has been detected, was derived, which amounts toĖ thres A25 = (3.2 ± 0.5) × 10 40 erg s −1 kpc −2 . There are galaxies where extraplanar emission was detected at smaller values of L FIR /D 2 25 , however, only in combination with a significantly enhanced dust temperature. The results corroborate the general view that the gaseous halos are a direct consequence of SF activity in the underlying galactic disk.

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Section: Hα Survey Selection Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

An Hαsurvey aiming at the detection of extraplanar diffuse ionized gas in halos of edge-on spiral galaxies

Rossa

Dettmar²

2003

A&A

Self Cite

121

155

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“…This material includes hot X-ray emitting gas (e.g. Tüllmann et al 2006;Li et al 2008), ionised gas (Collins & Rand 2001;Rossa & Dettmar 2003), dust (Howk & Savage 1999;Ménard et al 2010), and neutral hydrogen (Fraternali et al 2002;Oosterloo et al 2007;Heald et al 2011). The material is found to be often (but not always, in the case of the H) closely associated with star formation in the galaxy disk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HALOGAS: Extraplanar gas in NGC 3198

Gentile

Józsa

Serra

et al. 2013

A&A

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We present the analysis of new, deep H observations of the spiral galaxy NGC 3198 as part of the Westerbork Hydrogen Accretion in LOcal GAlaxieS (HALOGAS) survey, with the main aim of investigating the presence, amount, morphology, and kinematics of extraplanar gas. We present models of the H observations of NGC 3198. The model that matches best the observed data cube features a thick disk with a scale height of ∼3 kpc and an H mass of about 15% of the total H mass; this thick disk also has a decrease in rotation velocity as a function of height (lag) of 7-15 km s −1 kpc −1 (though with large uncertainties). This extraplanar gas is detected for the first time in NGC 3198. Radially, this gas appears to extend slightly beyond the actively star-forming body of the galaxy (as traced by the Hα emission), but it is not more radially extended than the outer, fainter parts of the stellar disk. Compared to previous studies, thanks to the improved sensitivity we trace the rotation curve out to larger radii. We model the rotation curve in the framework of modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) and confirm that, with the allowed distance range we assumed, fit quality is modest in this galaxy, but the new outer parts are explained in a satisfactory way.

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“…The extra-planar neutral hydrogen has a kinematics similar to that of the disk H i (Fraternali et al 2002), but with some peculiar properties: a) it rotates more slowly (Oosterloo et al 2007); b) it shows vertical motions (Boomsma et al 2005); c) it has a global inflow (Fraternali et al 2001). Extra-planar diffused ionized gas (eDIG) is present in all galaxies with sufficiently high star-formation rates (Rossa & Dettmar 2003) and its kinematics seems to closely follow that of the neutral component (Heald et al 2006;Kamphuis et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the H i halo of the Milky Way

Marasco

Fraternali

2010

A&A

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Aims. We studied the global distribution and kinematics of the extra-planar neutral gas in the Milky Way.Methods. We built 3D models for a series of Galactic H i layers, projected them for an inside view, and compared them with the Leiden-Argentina-Bonn 21-cm observations. Results. We show that the Milky Way disk is surrounded by an extended halo of neutral gas with a vertical scale-height of 1.6 +0.6 −0.4 kpc and an H i mass of 3.2 +1.0 −0.9 × 10 8 M , which is ∼5−10% of the total Galactic H i. This H i halo rotates more slowly than the disk with a vertical velocity gradient of −15 ± 4 km s −1 kpc −1 . We found evidence for a global infall motion in the halo, both vertical (20 +5 −7 km s −1 ) and radial (30 +7 −5 km s −1 ). Conclusions.The Milky Way H i extra-planar layer shows properties similar to the halos of external galaxies, which is compatible with it being predominantly produced by supernova explosions in the disk. It is most likely composed of distinct gas complexes with masses of ∼10 4−5 M , of which the intermediate velocity clouds are the local manifestations. The classical high-velocity clouds appear to be a separate population.

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An Hα survey aiming at the detection of extraplanar diffuse ionized gas in halos of edge–on spiral galaxies

Cited by 113 publications

References 99 publications

An Hαsurvey aiming at the detection of extraplanar diffuse ionized gas in halos of edge-on spiral galaxies

An Hαsurvey aiming at the detection of extraplanar diffuse ionized gas in halos of edge-on spiral galaxies

HALOGAS: Extraplanar gas in NGC 3198

Modelling the H i halo of the Milky Way

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