An <i>in vitro</i> study of the antimicrobial activity of some endodontic medicaments and their bases using an agar well diffusion assay

Athanassiadis, Basil; Abbott, Paul; George, N.; Walsh, L. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1834-7819.2009.01107.x

Cited by 49 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The biofilm model used in this study has produced different results to those obtained in earlier work using an agar diffusion model, which showed a similar zone of inhibition for E. faecalis with each of the same commercial products tested in this study 9 . An explanation for the greater effectiveness of the calcium hydroxide containing pastes such as Pulpdent paste in the biofilm model used in the present study may be the greater penetration of hydroxyl ions into the biofilm compared to the antibiotics which have larger and more complex molecular structures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

“…There are no reports in the literature regarding the antimicrobial effects on biofilms of Pulpdent, Ledermix, the 50/50 combination of Pulpdent and Ledermix and their bases. The present study follows previous work using an agar diffusion model 9 with the aim of evaluating the in vitro effectiveness of these commercially available medicaments and their bases on E. faecalis using a biofilm model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An in vitro study of the antimicrobial activity of some endodontic medicaments against Enteroccus faecalis biofilms

Athanassiadis

Abbott

George

et al. 2010

Australian Dental Journal

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Background:The in vitro antimicrobial activity of a series of endodontic medicaments and their bases against biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis was investigated. Methods: The medicaments tested were Pulpdent paste, Ledermix paste, a 50:50 Ledermix and Pulpdent mixture, and a replica of Ledermix paste. Bases included methyl cellulose with water, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and PEG with zinc oxide, calcium chloride and the other components (inactives) that make up the Ledermix paste base. Biofilms grown on cellulose nitrate membrane filters were exposed to the medicaments for up to 5 days. The number of surviving colony forming units (CFU) was determined at days 1, 3 and 5. The results were expressed as a bacterial survival index (BSI) when compared to the unexposed control. Results: Pulpdent produced the greatest reduction of BSI, followed by the 50:50 mixture of Pulpdent and Ledermix pastes. Ledermix paste, its replica and the individual bases showed no significant reductions in the BSI for E. faecalis. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this laboratory study, calcium hydroxide containing preparations had greater potential for reducing the survival of E. faecalis in a biofilm environment.Keywords: Endodontics, medicaments, E. faecalis biofilms.Abbreviations and acronyms: BSI = bacterial survival index; CFU = colony forming units; HBA = horse blood agar; PEG = polyethylene glycol.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An in vitro study of the antimicrobial activity of some endodontic medicaments against Enteroccus faecalis biofilms

Athanassiadis

Abbott

George

et al. 2010

Australian Dental Journal

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“…In this regard, the vehicles used to form the pastes play a supportive role by forming the appropriate consistency for placement and may dramatically influence their chemical characteristics like their solubility and diffusion. 36 Though difference between the four vehicles studied above is NS except P. gingivalis, PG 8 or PEG 36 can be used to improve diffusion and slow release of medicaments for longer period of time. The inhibitory effect of PEG is definitely an advantage against Gram-negative species when used as a base for the formulation of endodontic medicaments.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inhibitory effect of PEG is definitely an advantage against Gram-negative species when used as a base for the formulation of endodontic medicaments. 36 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Activity of Endodontic Medicaments and Vehicles using Agar Well Diffusion Method on Facultative and Obligate Anaerobes

Nalawade

Bhat

Sogi

2016

International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry

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AimsThe aim of this study was to determine the relative antimicrobial effectiveness of these endodontic medicaments and various vehicles using an agar well diffusion assay.Materials and methodsDouble Antibiotic Paste(DAP), modified DAP, 2% Chlorhexidine gluconate and their combination with four vehicles namely Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG), Propylene glycol (PG), combinations of PG with PEG and lastly Glycerine were tested using agar well diffusion assay. The minimum bactericidal concentration was noted against four standard strains of organisms ie Streptococcus mutans ATCC( American Type Culture Collection) 25175, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 12598, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 35550 and Eschericia coli ATCC 25922. Successful endodontic therapy depends upon thorough disinfection of root canals. In some refractory cases, routine endodontic therapy is not sufficient, so intracanal medicaments are used for proper disinfection of canals. Issues of resistance, limited spectrum of activity and lack of antifungal properties, the hunt for the ideal intracanal medicament continues. In this regard, the vehicles used to form the pastes play a supportive role by forming the appropriate consistency for placement and may dramatically influence their chemical characteristics like their solubility and diffusion. Thus, inorder to use safer and equally effective intracanal medicaments, Chlorhexidine gluconate is being unveiled in this study.ResultsThe difference between the four vehicles when combined with the same endodontic medicament studied above is nonsignificant (NS) except against Porphyromonas gingivalis. Propylene glycol is significantly effective than Glycerine when used with DAP ie C+M medicament combination. (p = 0.029)Conclusion2% chlorhexidine gluconate and modified DAP can definitely replace DAP and triple antibiotic paste as end-odontic medicaments with chlorhexidine having an added advantage of bactericidal action, substantivity, biocompatibility, low toxicity, and lesser chances of developing resistance.How to cite this articleNalawade TM, Bhat KG, Sogi S. Antimicrobial Activity of Endodontic Medicaments and Vehicles using Agar Well Diffusion Method on Facultative and Obligate Anaerobes. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016;9(4):335-341.

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“…by agar well-diffusion method [23,24]. The media used was MuellerHinton agar at only 4 mm deep, poured into 100 mm or 150 mm Petri dishes.…”

Section: F3 F2 F1mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Topical Spray Formulation for Ginkgo Bioloba for Antifungal Activity

Aah¹

2016

J Nanomed Nanotechnol

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The aim of this study is to prove the antifungal and antibacterial activity of Ginko biloba GKB from glycerin nanocapsules and nanoemulsions. GKB was formulated as spray formulation for topical application using ethyl alcohol 95%/glycerol/water based formulations. GKB spray was evaluated for their particle size distribution, pH, content uniformity, content per spray, in vitro release and antifungal activity. The antifungal activity was determined by Agar welldiffusion method. The formulae were tested for their skin permeation and the stability of the formulations. The results showed uniform formulae with nano-sized particles, pH compatible with the topical formulation and higher drug content. Diffusion studies of the optimized formulations through the abdominal rabbit skin showed higher penetrated drug over a period of 24 h. Stability studies indicated that formulations were stable. Skin irritation studies confirmed the compatibility of spray formulae with skin. Agar well-diffusion method showed that GKB was effective compared with fluconazole. The inhibition zones for all formulae were significant as compared with standard fluconazole. The results obtained showed that the topical spray formulation could be a promising and innovative therapeutic system as topical antifungal for the transdermal administration of GKB. The developed formulation can be used for delivery from spray formulation. This study proved the local activity of GKB as antifungal drugs.

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An in vitro study of the antimicrobial activity of some endodontic medicaments and their bases using an agar well diffusion assay

Cited by 49 publications

References 13 publications

An in vitro study of the antimicrobial activity of some endodontic medicaments against Enteroccus faecalis biofilms

An in vitro study of the antimicrobial activity of some endodontic medicaments against Enteroccus faecalis biofilms

Antimicrobial Activity of Endodontic Medicaments and Vehicles using Agar Well Diffusion Method on Facultative and Obligate Anaerobes

A Novel Topical Spray Formulation for Ginkgo Bioloba for Antifungal Activity

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