Antimicrobial Activity of Endodontic Medicaments and Vehicles using Agar Well Diffusion Method on Facultative and Obligate Anaerobes

Abstract

AimsThe aim of this study was to determine the relative antimicrobial effectiveness of these endodontic medicaments and various vehicles using an agar well diffusion assay.Materials and methodsDouble Antibiotic Paste(DAP), modified DAP, 2% Chlorhexidine gluconate and their combination with four vehicles namely Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG), Propylene glycol (PG), combinations of PG with PEG and lastly Glycerine were tested using agar well diffusion assay. The minimum bactericidal concentration was noted against four standard strains of organisms ie Streptococcus mutans ATCC( American Type Culture Collection) 25175, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 12598, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 35550 and Eschericia coli ATCC 25922. Successful endodontic therapy depends upon thorough disinfection of root canals. In some refractory cases, routine endodontic therapy is not sufficient, so intracanal medicaments are used for proper disinfection of canals. Issues of resistance, limited spectrum of activity and lack of antifungal properties, the hunt for the ideal intracanal medicament continues. In this regard, the vehicles used to form the pastes play a supportive role by forming the appropriate consistency for placement and may dramatically influence their chemical characteristics like their solubility and diffusion. Thus, inorder to use safer and equally effective intracanal medicaments, Chlorhexidine gluconate is being unveiled in this study.ResultsThe difference between the four vehicles when combined with the same endodontic medicament studied above is nonsignificant (NS) except against Porphyromonas gingivalis. Propylene glycol is significantly effective than Glycerine when used with DAP ie C+M medicament combination. (p = 0.029)Conclusion2% chlorhexidine gluconate and modified DAP can definitely replace DAP and triple antibiotic paste as end-odontic medicaments with chlorhexidine having an added advantage of bactericidal action, substantivity, biocompatibility, low toxicity, and lesser chances of developing resistance.How to cite this articleNalawade TM, Bhat KG, Sogi S. Antimicrobial Activity of Endodontic Medicaments and Vehicles using Agar Well Diffusion Method on Facultative and Obligate Anaerobes. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016;9(4):335-341.

Antagonistic Activity of Bacteria Isolated from the Periplaneta americana L. Gut against Some Multidrug-Resistant Human Pathogens

“…for 24 h in a shaker incubator before testing their antagonistic activity [ 38 ]. The agar well diffusion method was used to test the antagonistic activity of the gut-isolated bacteria against the selected human pathogens (using nutrient agar media for testing bacteria and malt extract agar media for testing fungi) [ 39 ]. Then the plates were incubated for 24 h at 37 °C for testing human pathogenic bacteria and 28 °C for testing human pathogenic fungi.…”

“…The purified colonies of isolated gut bacteria were cultured on nutrient broth medium, which was prepared by adding 13 gm of a mixture of beef Extract-Peptone-Sodium Chloride to 1 L of distilled water, which was mixed to dissolve completely and sterilized by autoclaving at 121 • C for 15 min; incubation was then done at 37 • C. for 24 h in a shaker incubator before testing their antagonistic activity [38]. The agar well diffusion method was used to test the antagonistic activity of the gut-isolated bacteria against the selected human pathogens (using nutrient agar media for testing bacteria and malt extract agar media for testing fungi) [39]. Then the plates were incubated for 24 h at 37 • C for testing human pathogenic bacteria and 28 • C for testing human pathogenic fungi.…”

Isolation, Identification of Carotenoid-Producing Rhodotorula sp. from Marine Environment and Optimization for Carotenoid Production

“…The carotenoid pigments were extracted and dissolved in methanol. The antimicrobial activity was obtained using an agar well diffusion method [33]. Escherichia coli ATCC 29522, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 were used as indicator strains.…”

Preparation, Characterization and Biological Applications of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles with Chitosan-Fucoidan Coating

“…All strains were maintained in Luria Broth (LB) agar (10 g/L sodium chloride, 5 g/L yeast extract, 10 g/L trypton, 15 g/L agar) as stock cultures at 4 °C, as reported in a previous study by Kalimuthu et al [ 51 ]. The antimicrobial activities of chitosan–fucoidan complex-coated AgNPs were determined by an agar plate well diffusion method [ 52 ]. Bacteria were cultured in LB broth; 200 μL of an initial inoculum (0.2 × 10 8 CFU) of each strain in the LB agar media was applied and uniformly spread in the well.…”