An image processing based paradigm for the extraction of tonal sounds in cetacean communications

Kershenbaum, Arik; Roch, Marie A.

doi:10.1121/1.4828821

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…A breakdown of the recordings is given in Table 1. For each howl, we traced the frequency modulation using a combination of manual and automatic extraction tools, using an image-processing ridge tracker (Kershenbaum & Roch 2013), or by fitting the harmonic peaks to a Lorentzian function (Root-Gutteridge et al 2014b).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling canid howls across multiple species and subspecies: Structure in a complex communication channel

Kershenbaum

Root‐Gutteridge

Habib

et al. 2016

Behavioural Processes

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Wolves, coyotes, and other canids are members of a diverse genus of top predators of considerable conservation and management interest. Canid howls are long-range communication signals, used both for territorial defence and group cohesion. Previous studies have shown that howls can encode individual and group identity. However, no comprehensive study has investigated the nature of variation in canid howls across the wide range of species. We analysed a database of over 2000 howls recorded from 13 different canid species and subspecies. We applied a quantitative similarity measure to compare the modulation pattern in howls from different populations, and then applied an unsupervised clustering algorithm to group the howls into natural units of distinct howl types. We found that different species and subspecies showed markedly different use of howl types, indicating that howl modulation is not arbitrary, but can be used to distinguish one population from another. We give an example of the conservation importance of these findings by comparing the howls of the critically endangered red wolves to those of sympatric coyotes Canis latrans, with whom red wolves may hybridise, potentially compromising reintroduced red wolf populations. We believe that quantitative cross-species comparisons such as these can provide important understanding of the nature and use of communication in socially cooperative species, as well as support conservation and management of wolf populations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling canid howls across multiple species and subspecies: Structure in a complex communication channel

Kershenbaum

Root‐Gutteridge

Habib

et al. 2016

Behavioural Processes

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“…Sources within the polygon were grouped together more conservatively (i.e., widely separated localizations would be considered separate sources), whereas those outside the polygon were grouped together even if they showed a large difference in range (but not bearing). The grouping analysis was performed separately by two of the investigators and the results compared for interobserver reliability using normalized mutual information, which provides a measure of classification agreement when classes are not shared between raters (Zhong and Ghosh, 2005;Kershenbaum and Roch, 2013).…”

Section: Assignment Of Single Source Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking cryptic animals using acoustic multilateration: A system for long-range wolf detection

Kershenbaum

Owens²,

Waller

2019

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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The study of animal behavior in the wild requires the ability to locate and observe animals with the minimum disturbance to their natural behavior. This can be challenging for animals that avoid humans, are difficult to detect, or range widely between sightings. Global Positioning System (GPS) collars provide one solution but limited battery life, and the disturbance to the animal caused by capture and collaring can make this impractical in many applications. Wild wolves Canis lupus are an example of a species that is difficult to study in the wild, yet are of considerable conservation and management importance. This manuscript presents a system for accurately locating wolves using differences in the time of arrival of howl vocalizations at multiple recorders (multilateration), synchronized via GPS. This system has been deployed in Yellowstone National Park for two years and has recorded over 1200 instances of howling behavior. As most instances of howling occur at night, or when human observers are not physically present, the system provides location information that would otherwise be unavailable to researchers. The location of a vocalizing animal can, under some circumstances, be determined to within an error of approximately 20 m and at ranges up to 7 km. V

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“…The lack of repeatability between judges is a drawback to qualitative studies. Algorithm-based software programs might prove a better method for complex whistle data (Kershenbaum & Roch, 2013;.…”

Section: Studying Whistlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mother-Offspring Signature Whistle Similarity and Patterns of Association in Atlantic Spotted Dolphins (Stenella frontalis)

Bebus¹,

Herzing²

2015

AB&C

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-We assessed the degree of similarity between signature whistles of mother and offspring pairs in freeliving Atlantic spotted dolphins (Stenella frontalis). As a means of qualitative evaluation, judges compared the timefrequency contour patterns of signature whistle spectrograms. We also evaluated quantitative measurements of whistle frequency and duration. All five female offspring produced signature whistles that were similar to their mothers' whistles by a least one means of comparison, whereas two of the four male offspring produced signature whistles that were dissimilar from their mothers' by both methods of comparison. However, statistically, male offspring were just as likely to produce signature whistles like their mothers' as female offspring (p = 0.167). We compared whistle similarity between mothers and offspring to the degree of association for each pair. Offspring that most often associated with their mothers when they were four years of age had whistles that were more similar to their mothers' whistles both qualitatively (r(4) = 0.92, p = 0.009) and quantitatively (r(4) = 0.92, p = 0.004). Because signature whistles are developed within a dolphin's first year, our finding likely reflects the level of bond between mother and calf.

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An image processing based paradigm for the extraction of tonal sounds in cetacean communications

Cited by 25 publications

References 36 publications

Disentangling canid howls across multiple species and subspecies: Structure in a complex communication channel

Disentangling canid howls across multiple species and subspecies: Structure in a complex communication channel

Tracking cryptic animals using acoustic multilateration: A system for long-range wolf detection

Mother-Offspring Signature Whistle Similarity and Patterns of Association in Atlantic Spotted Dolphins (Stenella frontalis)

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