An Immersive Design Environment for Performance-Based Architectural Design

Usability of virtual reality for basic design education: a comparative study with paper-based design

“…Most of the creativity studies explore factors and measures that enhance creativity during the design learning process (Casakin 2007;Dorst and Cross 2001), accordingly, the VR learning environment could give a wide range of possibilities to study more in-depth the features of interactivity, as well as components of creativity in digital environments. As stated by Akin et al (2018), the realistic and dynamic representations along increased visual perceptions in a VR environment could be different for various scales. Therefore, one could also investigate the relationship between imagery ability and spatial presence in different contexts, such as product design context, urban design context.…”

“…With the technological advances of design research, early models of artificial intelligence (AI) were able to design education in the form of knowledge-based design (KBD), where the cognitive processes of design thinking were developed through computational search and the formulation of generic knowledge mechanisms (Oxman 2004;Oxman and Gero 1987). In the last decade, the integration of materialization technology (including 3D fabrication and robotics) has made advances in design education; scripting or writing a code provides a new way of design thinking (Akin et al 2018;Burry 2011;Reas and Fry 2014). The flow of information from concept to design is supported by an algorithmic mode of thinking.…”

“…In this study, we chose the VR environment to support design education goals, because VR has a huge potential in architectural design. It offers both realistic and dynamic representations along with increased visual perceptions (Akin et al 2018). The three dimensionality of design artefacts is critical in basic design education, and VR devices with various degrees of the fidelity are achieved by mimicking human senses (vision, hearing, touch, proprioception and smell).…”

Extended reality (XR)—A magic box of digitalization in driving sustainable development of the construction industry: A critical review

“…Communication is key to the interaction between digital models and human cognitive abilities in architectural design. Effective design visualization has the potential to enhance user perception and help develop better insights into design artifacts (Akın et al, 2018). The design phase is when more scheme information is created, generating a large amount of data.…”

“…In addition, XR technology is often used with various software and technologies for energy consumption, cost calculating, and so forth, to form a multi‐integrated design system to meet design needs fully. Akın et al (2018) seamlessly integrate modeling software, building energy simulation tools, and VR environments to propose an MR design environment that supports the combination of architectural design and simulation, making interactive visualization building design models possible. Based on this initial prototype study, Ergün et al (2019) later updated the user interface and interaction mechanisms to increase VR environment access and innovatively conducted a comparative study of a BIM‐based architectural design medium in sustainable building design in both VR and MR environments.…”