An Immunofluorescent Assay for Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells

Samoszuk, Michael; Tynan, Wendy; Sallash, Gretchen; Nasr, Sherif A.; Monczak, Yuri; Miller, Wilson H.

doi:10.1093/ajcp/109.2.205

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…APL can be diagnosed rapidly by showing the microgranular PML immunocytochemical labeling pattern ( Figure 7B). [176][177][178][179][180] This appearance is specific for APL with t(15;17), since the variants t(11;17) and t(5;17) do not disrupt the wild-type speckled pattern. [181][182][183][184] Immunostaining must be done on fresh samples (smears, cytospin preparations, or frozen sections), since fixation and paraffin embedding change the wild-type speckled pattern to a diffuse pattern.…”

Section: The (15;17) Translocation and Its Variantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proteins encoded by genes involved in chromosomal alterations in lymphoma and leukemia: clinical value of their detection by immunocytochemistry

Falini

Mason

2002

Blood

176

147

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IntroductionTranslocations, deletions, and other nonrandom chromosomal abnormalities 1,2 play a central role in the pathogenesis of many human hematologic malignant diseases. A growing number of studies are revealing the ways in which these chromosomal alterations affect specific genes, such as those encoding nuclear transcription factors. However, any gene implicated in the neoplastic process can act only through the protein it encodes. Many of the consequences of chromosomal changes with respect to abnormal protein expression have been inferred indirectly by analysis of messenger RNA (mRNA) transcription, but it is clear that protein and mRNA levels do not always correlate. For example, germinalcenter B cells appear to contain BCL-2 message but little protein, 3,4 and the same is true for TAL-1 in erythroid cells. 5 Many examples of the opposite combination (high protein and little or no message) also exist, such as BCL-2 in mature lymphocytes 6,7 and elastase in mature myeloid cells. 8 Antibody-based detection of the protein is therefore required, but this frequently cannot be done because of a lack of suitable reagents. Consequently, we are often ignorant not only about patterns of expression of oncogenic proteins in hematologic neoplasms but also about possible abnormalities in the distribution and subcellular localization of these proteins.Most of the currently recognized genetic alterations in human leukemias and lymphomas result in either activation of a quiescent gene or creation of a hybrid gene encoding a chimeric protein. Table 1 summarizes the genetic abnormalities that have been studied using antibodies specific for the protein products of genes involved in such rearrangements. We here review the immunocytochemical studies that have been done with these antibodies and assess, for each protein, whether abnormalities demonstrable by immunocytochemistry are of clinical value in determining diagnosis or predicting prognosis. Immunocytochemical findings that are of value are discussed below, whereas those for which no clear clinical applications have been observed are described briefly in Table 2. Genes activated by chromosomal changesThe CCND1 (BCL-1) gene and its protein product (cyclin D1) CCND1 (BCL-1) gene. The (11;14)(q13;q32) translocation, 9 an anomaly often found in mantle cell (centrocytic) lymphoma 10,11 and occasionally in other B-cell neoplasms, notably myeloma, 12,13 From For personal use only. on May 12, 2018. by guest www.bloodjournal.org From juxtaposes the CCND1 (BCL-1) locus encoding cyclin D1 on chromosome 11 to an immunoglobulin-enhancer sequence on chromosome 14. 9 The CCND1 gene is transcriptionally silent in normal lymphohemopoietic tissues 14,15 ; thus, expression of the protein may promote neoplastic cell proliferation by perpetuating the transition from G 1 to S. 16 Antibodies to cyclin D1. Several antibodies recognizing cyclin D1 have been described (Table 3), [14][15][16][17][18] but hematopathologists know that immunocytochemical detection of cyclin D1 in routinely processe...

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Section: The (15;17) Translocation and Its Variantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…APL can be diagnosed rapidly by showing the microgranular PML immunocytochemical labeling pattern ( Figure 7B). [176][177][178][179][180] This appearance is For personal use only. on May 12, 2018. by guest www.bloodjournal.org From specific for APL with t(15;17), since the variants t(11;17) and t(5;17) do not disrupt the wild-type speckled pattern.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteins encoded by genes involved in chromosomal alterations in lymphoma and leukemia: clinical value of their detection by immunocytochemistry

Falini

Mason

2002

Blood

176

147

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“…Another interesting option for a rapid and accurate diagnosis of APL is the use of immunostaining assays with anti-PML antibodies to detect the characteristic microparticulate nuclear pattern of the PML protein resulting from the translocation [6][7][8][9]. Although this technique should not replace RT-PCR, which defines the type of PML/RARα isoform and the target for minimal residual disease evaluation in the individual patient, it could be particularly useful in cases in which RNA is not available or to confirm diagnosis in institutions and developing countries where genetic tests are not routinely available.…”

Section: Approach To the Patient With Suspected Aplmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practice Points, Consensus, and Controversial Issues in the Management of Patients with Newly Diagnosed Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

Sanz

Tallman

2005

The Oncologist

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Front Line Clinical Trials and Minimal Residual Disease Monitoring in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

Ammatuna

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

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An Immunofluorescent Assay for Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Proteins encoded by genes involved in chromosomal alterations in lymphoma and leukemia: clinical value of their detection by immunocytochemistry

Proteins encoded by genes involved in chromosomal alterations in lymphoma and leukemia: clinical value of their detection by immunocytochemistry

Practice Points, Consensus, and Controversial Issues in the Management of Patients with Newly Diagnosed Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

Front Line Clinical Trials and Minimal Residual Disease Monitoring in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

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