An improved catalytic pyrolysis concept for renewable aromatics from biomass involving a recycling strategy for co-produced polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Heeres, André; Heeres, Hero Jan; Schenk, Niels; Genuino, Homer C.; Muizebelt, Inouk; Winkelman, Jozef G. M.

doi:10.1039/c9gc01485c

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Other studies included a study of the conversion of other model feeds to aromatics under identical conditions [80, 121, 140-142, 147, 160, 161, 171]. Glycerol CFP is of interest because of its availability from the production of fatty acid methyl esters for bio-diesel [175,176].…”

Section: Cfp Feed Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Benzene, Toluene, and Xylenes

Gong¹

2022

Recent Perspectives in Pyrolysis Research

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Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis is a rapid method to depolymerize lignocellulose to its constituent components of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. The pyrolysis reaction in absence of oxygen occurs at a very high heating rate to a targeted temperature of 400 to 600 °C for very short residence time. Vapors which are not condensed and are then contacted with a catalyst that is efficient to deoxygenate and aromatize the pyrolyzed biomass. One class of highly valuable material that is produced is a mixture of benzene, toluene, and xylenes. From this mixture, para-xylene is extracted for further upgrading to polyethylene terephthalate, a commodity polyester which has a demand in excess of 80 million tonnes/year. Addressed within this review is the catalytic fast pyrolysis, catalysts examined, process chemistry, challenges, and investigation of solutions.

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Section: Cfp Feed Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Benzene, Toluene, and Xylenes

Gong¹

2022

Recent Perspectives in Pyrolysis Research

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“…A number of routes have been developed for the catalytic conversion of sugar-derived furanics into aromatics via Diels Alder (DA) addition and subsequent dehydration reactions (i.e., a stoichiometric synthesis approach). Catalytic conversions of bio-based (isobutyl) alcohols and pinacol-acrolein to aromatics have also been reported [215]. HMF, 5-hydroxymethylfurfurale, is considered to be a promising intermediate for the production of several chemicals.…”

Section: Conversion Of Polysaccharides To Hydrocarbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Gasolines and Monocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: From Fossil Raw Materials to Green Processes

Busca

2021

Energies

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The properties and the applications of the main monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, styrene, and the three xylene isomers) and the industrial processes for their manufacture from fossil raw materials are summarized. Potential ways for their production from renewable sources with thermo-catalytic processes are described and discussed in detail. The perspectives of the future industrial organic chemistry in relation to the production of high-octane bio-gasolines and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as renewable chemical intermediates are discussed.

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“…Pyrolysis experiments were carried out in a semi-continuous setup (continuous with respect to N 2 gas and batch regarding biomass) using gram amounts of biomass input (Figure 2) [37]. The setup consists of a reactor (loaded with biomass at the start of the reaction), a catchpot and a condenser system, which were interconnected with tubes.…”

Section: Pyrolysis Experiments and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of fifteen pyrolysis runs were carried out at temperatures between 400 and 600 • C, nitrogen flow rates of 7, 11 and 15 mL min −1 and biomass particle sizes of 0.5, 0.9 and 1.3 mm. Nitrogen flow rates were based on previous experiments in the setup as reported in ref [37]. Each pyrolysis experiment was conducted with a constant flow of N 2 gas (Linde Gas, 99.999% purity) for 15 min The pyrolysis vapor diluted with nitrogen gas was condensed at a temperature of −40 • C (liquid nitrogen-ethanol mixture).…”

Section: Pyrolysis Experiments and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biorefining of Pigeon Pea: Residue Conversion by Pyrolysis

et al. 2020

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Pyrolysis is an important technology to convert lignocellulosic biomass to a renewable liquid energy carrier known as pyrolysis oil or bio-oil. Herein we report the pyrolysis of pigeon pea wood, a widely available biomass in the Philippines, in a semi-continuous reactor at gram scale. The effects of process conditions such as temperature (400–600 °C), nitrogen flow rate (7–15 mL min−1) and particle size of the biomass feed (0.5–1.3 mm) on the product yields were determined. A Box-Behnken three-level, three-factor fractional factorial design was carried out to establish process-product yield relations. Of particular interest is the liquid product (bio-oil), of which the yield was shown to depend on all independent variables in a complex manner. The optimal conditions for highest bio-oil yield (54 wt.% on dry feed intake) were a temperature of 466 °C, a nitrogen flow rate of 14 mL min−1 and a particle size of 1.3 mm. Validation of the optimized conditions proved that the average (n = 3) experimental bio-oil yield (52 wt.%) is in good agreement with the predicted value from the model. The properties of product oils were determined using various analytical techniques including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), gel-permeation chromatography (GPC), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C- and HSQC-NMR) and elemental and proximate analyses. The bio-oils were shown to have low ash content (0.2%), high heating value (29 MJ kg−1) and contain high value-added phenolics compounds (41%, GC peak area) as well as low molecular weight aldehydes and carboxylic acids. GPC analysis indicated the presence of a considerable amount of higher molecular weight compounds. NMR measurements showed that a large proportion of bio-oil contains aliphatic carbons (~60%), likely formed from the decomposition of (hemi)cellulose components, which are abundantly present in the starting pigeon pea wood. Subsequent preliminary scale-up pyrolysis experiments in a fluidized bed reactor (~100 gfeed h−1, 475 °C and N2 flow rate of 1.5 L min−1) gave a non-optimized bio-oil yield of 44 wt.%. Further fractionation and/or processing are required to upgrade these bio-oils to biofuels and biobased chemicals.

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An improved catalytic pyrolysis concept for renewable aromatics from biomass involving a recycling strategy for co-produced polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Abstract: Catalytic pyrolysis of crude glycerol over a shaped H-ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst with (partial) recycling of the product oil was studied with the incentive to improve benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) yields.

Cited by 30 publications

References 32 publications

Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Benzene, Toluene, and Xylenes

Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Benzene, Toluene, and Xylenes

Production of Gasolines and Monocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: From Fossil Raw Materials to Green Processes

Biorefining of Pigeon Pea: Residue Conversion by Pyrolysis

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