The gearbox is designed with the static strength design theory. However, it cannot accurately reflect the dynamic characteristics of its components under different task conditions, and the limitations of traditional measuring methods and testing means, make it very difficult to study the reliability and life prediction of the components of the gearbox at random loads, resulting in a large gap between the actual and design lives, which seriously affects the gearbox reliability. The multibody kinetics simulation method is used to simulate the gearbox kinetics in different gears of a test site, and the alternating load of the gearbox main shaft is obtained. Based on MSC.Patran software, the fatigue life prediction for the gearbox is investigated; the optimal design of gearbox gears is studied to provide important data for improving the gearbox reliability.