An Improved Damping Method for Virtual Synchronous Machines

Ebrahimi, Mohammad; Khajehoddin, S. Ali; Karimi-Ghartemani, Masoud

doi:10.1109/tste.2019.2902033

Cited by 110 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…A VSM is generally used to integrate inverter-based DGs into the grid system using the emulation of an SM in the inverter control part [81]. Nowadays, an SM is one of the dominant types of generators in the electric power grid system due to its premium advantages that are [67,[82][83][84] : (1) to supply kinetic energy stored in the rotor mass as inertia to the grid, (2) it can absorb and supply reactive power, (3) they have a simple and resilient structure with a good grid stabilizing response, (4) flexible operating abilities in both standalone and grid-connected modes, and (5) they can be operated as a single frequency grid when connected in parallel.…”

Section: B Virtual Synchronous Machinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This results in a full order model of an SM with 5th order electrical part and 2nd order mechanical part [101]. Furthermore, the author in [102] classified the VSM based on damping, the one that applies damping effect in (1) speed or real power loop, and (2) reactive power or magnitude loop. On the other hand, the synchro converter works on the difference between the nominal speed and virtual speed in the real power loop.…”

Section: B Virtual Synchronous Machinementioning

confidence: 99%

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Control Methods for Standalone and Grid Connected Micro-Hydro Power Plants With Synthetic Inertia Frequency Support: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2020

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The penetration of renewable energy sources on a large scale in conventional electric networks increases exponentially for environmental preservation. However, the increase in RESs leads to some technical problems that include (a) fluctuations in power production, (b) less or no generation units for power balancing, (c) reduced inertia due to RESs decoupling from the conventional grid using converters. Micro-hydro power plants (MHPPs) are emerging as a mature balancing technology and a great alternative to large hydropower plants as they encounter population displacement and many environmental problems. Modern pump storage MHPPs uses a power converter between the grid and machine to control the consumption of power during pumping mode. This power electronic interface loses the ability of the rotating mass of the machine to contribute to the grid inertia by making it independent of the grid frequency. This problem is solved through the control of power converters in such a way that the inertia effect is synthesized termed as synthetic inertia. MHPPs can also be operated in a standalone mode where they are not connected to the grid. This paper reviews control schemes applied in literature for the frequency, voltage, and inertia control, in both the grid-connected and standalone modes. This study starts with the standalone MHPPs, covering the literature review and control structure for voltage and frequency control of standalone MHPPs. Then it presents a detailed operation, control principle, synthetic inertia concepts, and architecture of grid-connected MHPPs. The mathematical formulation of the grid, permanent magnet synchronous generator, synthetic inertia inclusion, and control structures, including direct torque control, virtual synchronous machine, and model predictive control, is also presented. Finally, the paper presents the concluding remarks with the comparative analysis of various control structures to include synthetic inertia, its suitability, and future scope for MHPPs.

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Section: B Virtual Synchronous Machinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Virtual Synchronous Machinementioning

confidence: 99%

Control Methods for Standalone and Grid Connected Micro-Hydro Power Plants With Synthetic Inertia Frequency Support: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2020

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“…This negative effect can be eliminated by a phase compensation to change the phase of the PLL equivalent torque [14]. An enhanced power system stabilizer (PSS) was proposed for the VSGs in [15]. The suggested PSS improves the LFO damping of the VSG without scarifying its inertial response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The suggested PSS improves the LFO damping of the VSG without scarifying its inertial response. In this PSS, the VSG frequency deviation with respect to the grid frequency was estimated by derivative of a trigonometric function of the VSG output voltage [15]. The VSG parameters setting should avoid modal proximity of the VSG to the LFO mode of the power systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Efficient Adaptive Virtual Inertia Controller for Virtual Synchronous Generators

Malekpour¹,

Kiyoumarsi²,

Gholipour³

2020

Preprint

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“…Indeed, there are some simpler representations [25] [26], but they do not focus on the small-signal stability analysis and parameter design of the VSM-controlled inverter itself. Last but not the least, all the previous studies are based on VSM control schemes specific to those studies, like synchronverter [10], [12], [16]- [19], schemes developed by SINTEF [20]- [24], Osaka University [11], Kawasaki Technology Co. [24] and others [25]. Therefore, it is also essential to analyze the small-signal stability of the proposed VSM control scheme, especially with the focus and goal mentioned above, which has not been thoroughly investigated before in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power Angle Small-Signal Stability Analysis of Grid-Forming Wind Turbine Inverter Based on VSM Control

Lu¹,

Göksu²,

Cutululis³

2019

Preprint

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This paper introduces a virtual synchronous machine (VSM) control scheme which is based on a minimized emulation of the model of a synchronous generator (SG) for a grid-forming wind turbine (WT) inverter. Based on this VSM control scheme, state-space representation and block diagram of the small-signal model for the VSM-controlled grid-forming inverter connected to an infinite bus are derived, which are used for small-signal stability analysis of the power angle in the VSM control scheme. This power angle small-signal stability (PAS) analysis is proposed as a simpler way for analyzing the influence on the rotor angle stability of power system from large share of VSM-controlled grid-forming inverters. Influence of parameters in the power loop of the control scheme on the PAS is investigated by analyzing the eigenvalue trajectories of the state matrix.

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An Improved Damping Method for Virtual Synchronous Machines

Cited by 110 publications

References 24 publications

Control Methods for Standalone and Grid Connected Micro-Hydro Power Plants With Synthetic Inertia Frequency Support: A Comprehensive Review

Control Methods for Standalone and Grid Connected Micro-Hydro Power Plants With Synthetic Inertia Frequency Support: A Comprehensive Review

An Efficient Adaptive Virtual Inertia Controller for Virtual Synchronous Generators

Power Angle Small-Signal Stability Analysis of Grid-Forming Wind Turbine Inverter Based on VSM Control

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