An Improved Fast Correlation Attack on Fruit-80

Internet of things (IoT) is made up of many devices like sensors, tags, actuators, mobile devices, and many more. These devices interact with each other without human interaction. Radio-frequency identification (RFID) devices are used to track people, assets, objects, etc. Along with the small memory capacity and low-power battery issues, these devices suffer from various security-related issues. These security threats include attacks such as replay, disclosure, tracking, offline guessing, denial of service attacks, and many more. In the last few decades, the researchers have suggested various security approaches to overcome these vulnerabilities. Hence, this paper discusses various possible attacks that can occur on an RFID system, and several security schemes that have been proposed to handle these attacks. First, the works presents the architecture of IoT in detail. Second, all possible attacks are described by categorizing them into confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Then, taxonomy of various security schemes, to deal with these attacks, is discussed under the criteria cryptography approaches, privacy, authentication, authorization, and availability. Finally, the paper describes various issues and challenges to have a better understanding of scope of the future research in the field of RFID security.

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A comprehensive taxonomy of security and privacy issues in RFID

Kumar

Jain

Dua

2021

Complex Intell. Syst.

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Hardware Optimizations of Fruit-80 Stream Cipher: Smaller than Grain

Yang

Shi

Chen

et al. 2023

ACM Trans. Reconfigurable Technol. Syst.

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Fruit-80, which emerged as an ultra-lightweight stream cipher with 80-bit secret key, is oriented toward resource constrained devices in the Internet of Things. In this paper, we propose area and speed optimization architectures of Fruit-80 on FPGAs. Our implementations include both serial and parallel structure and optimize area, power, speed and throughput respectively. The area optimization architecture aims to achieve the most suitable ratio of look-up-tables and flip-flops to fully utilize the reconfigurable unit. It also reuses NFSR and LFSR feedback functions to save resources for high throughput. The speed optimization architecture adopts a hybrid approach for parallelization and reduces the latency of long data paths by pre-generating primary feedback and inserting flip-flops. Besides, we recommend using the round key function to optimize serial or parallel implementations for Fruit-80 and using indexing and shifting methods for different throughput. In conclusion, our results show that the area optimization architecture occupies up to 35 slices on Xilinx Spartan-3 FPGA and 18 slices on Xilinx 7 series FPGA, smaller than that of Grain and other common stream ciphers. The optimal throughput/area ratio of the speed optimization architecture is 7.74 Mbps/ slice, better than that of Grain v1, which is 5.98 Mbps/ slice. The serial implementation of Fruit-80 with round key function occupies only 75 slices on Spartan-3 FPGA. To the best of our knowledge, the result sets a new record of the minimum area in lightweight cipher implementation on FPGA.

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An Improved Fast Correlation Attack on Fruit-80

Cited by 2 publications

References 17 publications

A comprehensive taxonomy of security and privacy issues in RFID

A comprehensive taxonomy of security and privacy issues in RFID

Hardware Optimizations of Fruit-80 Stream Cipher: Smaller than Grain

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