To respond to the call for the construction of a “double first-class university” in China and implement the “Focus on innovation, focus on enriching the people, and build a moderately prosperous society at a high level” development strategy. Jiangsu Province issued the first round of the “Jiangsu High-level University Construction Program” in 2016. Taking the deepening of the innovation-driven development strategy as the starting point, the main objective of promoting higher education is to strengthen its ability to support economic and social development. In this study, the fuzzy-ANP comprehensive evaluation model is used to create an index system for building high-level universities with Jiangsu Province features. Using this system, high-level university construction in Jiangsu Province is evaluated. The results of the study show that the first round of Jiangsu’s high-level university construction has reached an excellent level and is the most effective in improving the quality of research. In addition, the participating universities are better able to promote socioeconomic development. However, the resources and social reputation of the participating universities are close to the level of excellence. Furthermore, due to the problem of prioritizing research above teaching, the teaching and internationalization levels of the participating universities are rather low.