“…For fluorophore-and absorbancebased methods, it is straightforward to use 80% to 100% DMSO solutions, 5,7 while measuring nanoliter volumes in more than 80% DMSO with ratiometric photometry presents technical challenges. 2,4,6 In fact, validated commercial ratiometric photometry solutions above 75% DMSO have previously not been available. 6 For high-throughput applications, dual-dye photometric methods are superior.…”