An improved method for rearing Halotydeus destructor (Acari: Penthaleidae) in the laboratory

Ridsdill-Smith, T. J.; Gaull, K.R.

doi:10.1007/bf00052391

Cited by 19 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…epizootics can build up rapidly in two-spotted spider mite populations when humidity is high (Brandenburg & Kennedy, 1982;Klubertanz et al, 1991). Another fungus, Verticillium sp., which caused H. destructor mortality in the laboratory (Ridsdill-Smith & Gaull, 1995), was not found attacking mites in pastures. Predatory mites were seen infrequently at these sites and were not counted.…”

Section: Oversummering Diapause Eggsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Seasonal occurrence and abundance of redlegged earth miteHalotydeus destructor(Acari: Penthaleidae) in annual pastures of southwestern Australia

Ridsdill-Smith

Annells

1997

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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Seasonal occurrence and abundance of redlegged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor (Tucker), was measured by weekly sampling in grazed annual pastures near Keysbrook (1990Keysbrook ( -1992 and Narrogin (1991Narrogin ( -1992 in southwestern Australia. Mites were active for 27 weeks from the late autumn (May) to mid-spring (October), completing three generations at approximately 8 week intervals. The summer is spent as diapause eggs in the cadavers of adult female mites. In 1991 and 1992, active H. destructor was on average twice as abundant at Keysbrook (mean 11,300 mites/m 2 ), as at Narrogin (mean 6400 mites/m : ). Three times more eggs were laid at Keysbrook than Narrogin (mean 8500 and 2900 eggs/rrr respectively). Rainfall at Keysbrook was twice that at Narrogin, and temperatures were higher. We suggest that the rate of oviposition was less at Narrogin, probably because of resource limitation. The mature adult sex ratio was female biased, but was lower at Keysbrook (0.669) than at Narrogin (0.813). Neozygites acaridis, a fungal disease, was detected in less than 4% of the population, mainly in adult mites in late spring. Rainfall and temperatures were lower in the spring of 1992 than 1991 at both sites. Pasture was grazed considerably shorter in the spring of 1992, and numbers of H. destructor were lower, but numbers of eggs laid in the two years were similar. We suggest that active mite mortality was greater in spring of 1992, probably due to lower relative humidity. There were fewer adult mites in spring, and fewer diapausing eggs in summer at both sites in 1992 (36,600 diapause eggs/m 2 ) than in 1991 (148,000 diapause eggs/m 2 ). It is proposed that controlling mites in spring should lead to lower numbers of diapause eggs in summer and of mites emerging in autumn.

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Section: Oversummering Diapause Eggsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Seasonal occurrence and abundance of redlegged earth miteHalotydeus destructor(Acari: Penthaleidae) in annual pastures of southwestern Australia

Ridsdill-Smith

Annells

1997

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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“…Halotydeus destructor is thought to have a slightly shorter generation time than the Penthaleus spp. (Narayan 1962;Ridsdill-Smith and Gaull 1995;Ridsdill-Smith and Annells 1997), while that of P. sp. x has not been examined.…”

Section: Life-cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Laboratory rearing methods have been successfully established for H. destructor, providing up to 20,000 mites at a time for screening experiments (Ridsdill-Smith and Gaull 1995;Thackray et al 1997). However, culturing techniques for the Penthaleus spp.…”

Section: Sampling and Culturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology, ecology and control of the Penthaleus species complex (Acari: Penthaleidae)

2004

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Blue oat mites, Penthaleus spp. (Acari: Penthaleidae), are major agricultural pests in southern Australia and other parts of the world, attacking various pasture, vegetable and crop plants. Management of these mites has been complicated by the recent discovery of three cryptic pest species of Penthaleus, whereas prior research had assumed a single species. The taxonomy, population genetics, ecology, biology and control of the Penthaleus spp. complex are reviewed. Adult Penthaleus have a dark blue-black body approximately 1 mm in length, and eight red-orange legs. Within Australia, they are winter pests completing two or three generations a season, depending on conditions. The summer is passed as diapausing eggs, when long-distance dispersal is thought to occur. The Penthaleus spp. reproduce by thelytokous parthenogenesis, with populations comprising clones that differ ecologically. The three pest Penthaleus spp. differ markedly in their distributions, plant hosts, timing of diapause egg production and response to pesticides, highlighting the need to develop control strategies that consider each species separately. Chemicals are the main weapons used in current control programs, however research continues into alternative more sustainable management options. Host plant resistance, crop rotations, conservation of natural enemies, and improved timing of pesticide application would improve the management of these pests. The most cost-effective and environmentally acceptable means of control will result from the integration of these practices combined with the development of a simple field-based kit to distinguish the different mite species.

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“…A single mite was placed in a treated vial along with a vetch (Vicia sativa cv Blanchefleur) leaf, which was used for food (Ridsdill-Smith & Gaull, 1995) and increased humidity. We exposed mites to this rate, 2× this rate and a series of dilutions to develop dose-response curves.…”

Section: Plant Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biology of Penthaleus species in southeastern Australia

Weeks

Hoffmann

1999

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Earth mites are major pests of pastures and crops within southern Australia. While the biology and ecology of the redlegged earth mite (Halotydeus destructor) have been studied extensively, the blue oat mite (Penthaleus major) and its recently discovered relative, Penthaleus falcatus, have received little attention. The distribution of H. destructor, P. major and P. falcatus is described in Victoria, Australia, and the inland borders in central New South Wales are re-described. A new undescribed Penthaleus species identified from mallee samples is recognized, and its restricted distribution in Victoria is mapped. Electrophoretic data and the complete absence of males indicate that all Penthaleus species are obligate thelytokous parthenogens. The three Penthaleus species differ in clonal diversity. All species are pests of pastures and/or crops, however the preferred plant hosts of P. major and P. falcatus differ. Tolerance of a commonly used pesticide (omethoate) differs between the species. P. falcatus shows the highest LC 50 , and may be responsible for pesticide control failures. Rearing methods for P. major and P. falcatus are described. The large differences between these blue oat mite species point to difficulties in interpreting early published data that failed to distinguish them.

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An improved method for rearing Halotydeus destructor (Acari: Penthaleidae) in the laboratory

Cited by 19 publications

References 11 publications

Seasonal occurrence and abundance of redlegged earth miteHalotydeus destructor(Acari: Penthaleidae) in annual pastures of southwestern Australia

Seasonal occurrence and abundance of redlegged earth miteHalotydeus destructor(Acari: Penthaleidae) in annual pastures of southwestern Australia

Biology, ecology and control of the Penthaleus species complex (Acari: Penthaleidae)

The biology of Penthaleus species in southeastern Australia

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