An improved rapid physicochemical assay method for aflatoxin in peanuts and peanut products

Waltking, Arthur E; Bleffert, George W.; Kiernan, Mary

doi:10.1007/bf02540176

Cited by 27 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The first moment of equation 1 is Ul = Xq/p = M [41 and the second moment about the mean is la 2 = Kq/p 2 = M + (M2/K) = 02 [ 5 ] where o 2 is the variance of the kernel population in the minilot. Equation 5 shows that tr2 /> M for the negative binomial distribution.…”

Section: Parameter Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the observed distribution of aflatoxin in shelled peanuts to the negative binomial distribution

Whitaker

Dickens

Monroe

et al. 1972

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Suitability of the negative binomial distribution for use in estimating the probabilities associated with sampling lots of shelled peanuts for aflatoxin analysis has been studied. Large samples, called "minilots," were drawn from 29 lots of shelled peanuts contaminated with aflatoxin. These minilots were subdivided into ca. 12 lb samples which were analyzed for aflatoxin. The mean and variance of these aflatoxin determinations for each minilot were determined. The shape parameter k and the mean aflatoxin concentration m were estimated for each minilot. A regression analysis indicated the functional relationship between k and rn to be: k = (2.0866 + 2.3898m) x 10 -6. The observed distribution of sample concentrations from each of the 29 minilots was compared to the negative binomial distribution by means of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The null hypothesis that each of the true unknown distribution functions was negative binomial was not rejected at the 5% significance level for all 29 comparisons. .2 aTest results are given in ppb aflatoxin and are ordered according to aflatoxin concentration.

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Section: Parameter Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the observed distribution of aflatoxin in shelled peanuts to the negative binomial distribution

Whitaker

Dickens

Monroe

et al. 1972

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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“…Analyses were performed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) with densitometric analysis (CAMAG 11) employing reference standards (Sigma). Mycotoxins analyzed were aflatoxins BI, B2, GI, and G2 by the modified BF method as reported elsewhere for all products [Waltking et al, 19681 and for meats [Stubblefield and Shotwell, 19811, aflatoxin MI [Stubblefield, 19791, zearalenone [Waltking et al, 1968;Pifieiro and Giribone, 19941, deoxynivalenol [Trucksess et al, 1984;Eppley et al, 19861, ochratoxin A [Waltking et al, 1968; Piiieiro and Giribone, 19941, and ergot alkaloids: ergotamine, ergocornine, ergocristine, alpha-ergokryptine [Scott and Lawrence, 19801.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring program for mycotoxin contamination in Uruguayan food and feeds

Pineiro¹,

Dawson

Costarrica

2006

Nat. Toxins

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A pilot study for monitoring mycotoxin contamination in food and feeds was implemented by the Technological Laboratory of Uruguay (LATU) with the technical assistance of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The scope of the study was to determine the potential hazard posed by priority food‐contaminant and feed‐contaminant combinations. The choice of foods and contaminants to be monitored was based on the importance of the food in the total diet, the economic importance of the product and the potential health risk posed by the specific combination. The principal commodities selected were wheat, barley and rice. Also included were corn, soy, dairy products, feeds, dried fruits and legumes, oilseeds, cocoa beans and organ meats. Mycotoxins analyzed (TLC/densitometry) were aflatoxins, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol (DON) and ergot alkaloids. The survey results (1993–95) showed differences in both incidence and levels of mycotoxin content for the principal commodities. Of all food/feed categories analyzed, feed had the highest values for all mycotoxins Samples containing DON in levels above 1000 ng/g were found in all groups. Ochratoxin A was not detected in any of the samples Rice and soy beans were the categories with lowest aflatoxin incidence. Uruguayan regulatory limits for all toxins analyzed were exceeded for wheat, barley and rice in less than 3, 9 and 7% of samples, respectively. The data on actual mycotoxin levels in different foods will help identify sources of contaminations and areas where control measures should be improved, enable better risk assessment by proper estimation of mycotoxin intake, assist in the establishment of tolerances and adequate guidelines, aid in the implementation of a national program and provide economic benefits by improving grain quality.

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“…Each sample of shelled kernels then was mixed with an equal wt of oyster shells and ground for 3 min in a Hobart vertical cuttermixer. A 200-g subsample of the ground mixture was ana-lyzed for aflatoxin by the Waltking method for peanuts (5).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…screen. A 300-g subsample of the shells from each sample was extracted and analyzed for aflatoxin by the Waltking method for peanuts (5).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescence in pistachio nuts contaminated with aflatoxin

Dickens

Welty

1975

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Bright greenish-yellow fluorescence under long wave ultraviolet light was observed on the shells of 7% of the nuts in samples from 46 aflatoxin contaminated commercial lots of Iranian pistachio nuts. Kernels from the fluorescent nuts contained 50% of the aflatoxin in the samples. No aflatoxin was found in any of the shells. When kernels and shells were cultured, toxicogenic fungi grew from only 4% of the shells and 21% of the kernels from fluorescent nuts and from 9% of the shells and 15% of the kernels from nonfluorescent nuts.

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An improved rapid physicochemical assay method for aflatoxin in peanuts and peanut products

Cited by 27 publications

References 12 publications

Comparison of the observed distribution of aflatoxin in shelled peanuts to the negative binomial distribution

Comparison of the observed distribution of aflatoxin in shelled peanuts to the negative binomial distribution

Monitoring program for mycotoxin contamination in Uruguayan food and feeds

Fluorescence in pistachio nuts contaminated with aflatoxin

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