2019
DOI: 10.3390/s19030671
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An Improved Routing Schema with Special Clustering Using PSO Algorithm for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network

Abstract: Energy efficiency and energy balancing are crucial research issues as per routing protocol designing for self-organized wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Many literatures used the clustering algorithm to achieve energy efficiency and energy balancing, however, there are usually energy holes near the cluster heads (CHs) because of the heavy burden of forwarding. As the clustering problem in lossy WSNs is proved to be a NP-hard problem, many metaheuristic algorithms are utilized to solve the problem. In this pape… Show more

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Cited by 216 publications
(150 citation statements)
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“…Problem analysis is the overall analysis, description and characterization of traffic problems. The basic data required for microscopic traffic simulation modeling include the following: road geometry data (such as number of lanes, lane width, barrier width, non-motor vehicle lane width, lane division, and road intersection form), traffic flow characteristic data (such as traffic volumes, traffic composition, ratio of turning vehicles, vehicle arrival distribution, vehicle speed distribution, vehicle queuing and dissipation), traffic control data (such as signal timing of each intersection and traffic management), which depend on the research objectives [33][34][35].…”
Section: Basic Ideas Of Microscopic Traffic Simulationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Problem analysis is the overall analysis, description and characterization of traffic problems. The basic data required for microscopic traffic simulation modeling include the following: road geometry data (such as number of lanes, lane width, barrier width, non-motor vehicle lane width, lane division, and road intersection form), traffic flow characteristic data (such as traffic volumes, traffic composition, ratio of turning vehicles, vehicle arrival distribution, vehicle speed distribution, vehicle queuing and dissipation), traffic control data (such as signal timing of each intersection and traffic management), which depend on the research objectives [33][34][35].…”
Section: Basic Ideas Of Microscopic Traffic Simulationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To enhance the lifetime of WSNs, researchers and scientists have been primarily focused on the challenging task of how effectively the role of CHs rotation is applied to achieve their goals. 22 The rotation of CHs helps in uniform distribution of the traffic across the network. Various protocols have been proposed for CH rotation to enhance network lifetime.…”
Section: Literature Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…. Optimization algorithms could be applied in a wide range of areas, like wireless sensor networks [18][19][20][21][22][23][24], transportation optimization issues [25], high-dimensional expensive problems [26] etc. The search range of the problem is arranged to be [−1,1].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%