“…Nowadays, numerous papers have developed various heuristic and metaheuristic methods to solve CVRP problems, such as particle swarm optimization (Ahmed & Sun 2018;Alinezhad et al, 2018;Iswari & Asih, 2018;Mauliddina et al, 2020;Ramadhani & Garside, 2021;Son & Tan, 2021). Simulated annealing algorithm also was proposed by Aurachman et al, 2021;Ilhan, 2020;Mari et al, 2018;Rabbouch et al, 2020;Redi et al, 2020. Besides, there are several studies about CVRP using genetic algorithm (Abdelatti et al, 2021;Azad & Hasin, 2019;Lima & Araújo, 2018;Mulloorakam & Nidhiry, 2019;Zhu, 2022).…”