Certain cyanobacteria synthesize chlorophyll (Chl) molecules (Chl d and Chl f) that absorb in the far-red region of the solar spectrum thereby extending the spectral range of photosynthetically active radiation 1,2. The synthesis and introduction of these far-red Chls into the photosynthetic apparatus of plants might improve the efficiency of oxygenic photosynthesis, especially in far-red enriched environments, such as in the lower regions of the canopy 3. Production of Chl f requires the ChlF subunit, also known as PsbA4 4 or super-rogue D1 5 , a paralog of the D1 subunit of photosystem II (PSII) which together with D2 binds co-factors involved in the light-driven oxidation of water. Current ideas suggest that ChlF oxidizes Chl a to Chl f in a homodimeric ChlF reaction center (RC) complex and represents a missing link in the evolution of the heterodimeric D1/D2 RC of PSII 4,6. However, unambiguous biochemical support for this proposal is lacking. Here we show that ChlF can substitute for D1 to form modified PSII complexes capable of producing Chl f. Remarkably mutation of just two residues in D1 converts oxygenevolving PSII into a Chl f synthase. Overall, we have identified a new class of PSII