An In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Localized Corrosion on Aluminum

Abstract

While the growth of pits in passive metals exposed to chloride solutions is well understood, the processes associated with the initiation and propagation of stable pits, versus pits that form and apparently re-passivate, are still a matter of conjecture. A major challenge in studying pit initiation using electron microscopy has been alteration of the structure and chemistry of the hydrated corrosion films upon transfer to the vacuum environment of the microscope. A recently developed technique uses a microfluidic liquid cell to maintain the aqueous environment in contact with the sample. This work uses such cells to directly observe pits initiating, and growing before reaching stability, in aluminum thin films under potentiostatic polarization in situ in the electron microscope. Polarization curves developed in the cell show good agreement with those observed under conventional electrochemical experimental conditions. We observed current transients representative of metastable pitting and were able to relate crystalline features found in situ with topographic features using atomic force microscopy (AFM). An accumulation of aluminum surrounding an initiated pit, combined with depth profiling using Auger electron spectroscopy suggests that aluminum metal is deposited during the pit initiation process, and may serve to reduce lateral dissolution of the aluminum film. Work is currently underway to determine if this observation is unique to the geometry of the microfluidics cell or if is a general result that occurs at the very beginning of pit initiation.

Locally Condensed Water as a Solution for In Situ Wet Corrosion Electron Microscopy

“…The main advantage of using NRs with thin silicon nitride electron transparent windows (with a thickness of 50 nm or less) is that corrosion studies can be done in the presence of corrosive conditions on the nonconductive substrate. In addition, for most corrosion studies, it is necessary to apply potentials or currents (to initiate anodic or cathodic reactions) which requires the presence of electrodes in the NR (de Jonge & Ross, 2011; de Jonge et al, 2019), and recently (Wee Chee et al, 2014; Chee et al, 2015; Hun Park et al, 2015; Pinkowitz et al, 2016) it is used an NR with SiN membranes and an electrode for corrosion studies. The dynamics of corrosion from initiation to corrosion damage was analyzed at a relatively good resolution on thin film deposited metals, confirming results reported in postmortem TEM studies (e.g., in aqueous solutions).…”