An in vitro study of the interaction of sea‐nine® with rat liver mitochondria

Bragadin, Marcantonio; Pavoni, Bruno; Scutari, Guido; Manente, Sabrina

doi:10.1897/04-349r.1

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This conclusion can be proposed for both TCMS and Sea-Nine, since, as reported in the literature (Bragadin et al, 2005), the RC is the action site for both compounds.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…The figure shows that an inhibition of the RC occurs when the substrate is succinate, whereas, when the substrate is glutamate/malate, no respiratory rate inhibition occurs (not shown). These results suggest (Bragadin and Dell'Antone, 1994;Bragadin et al, 2005Bragadin et al, , 2006 hindering of the succinic dehydrogenase activity (Fig. 1).…”

Section: The Respiratory Chain (Rc)mentioning

confidence: 77%

“…The LC 50 value of 0.6 lM was found for TBT (Aldridge and Street, 1964), whereas for Irgarol (Bragadin et al, 2006), Znpyrithione (Bragadin et al, 2003), and Sea-Nine (Bragadin et al, 2005), a value of 80, 24 and 6 lM were found, respectively. Therefore, the ''in vitro'' mitochondrial toxicity is in the following order:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…With regard to the first point, the available literature data refer only to TBT, Znpyrithione, Sea-Nine and Irgarol (Aldridge and Street, 1964;Bragadin et al, 2003Bragadin et al, , 2005Bragadin et al, , 2006.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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TCMS inhibits ATP synthesis in mitochondria: A systematic analysis of the inhibitory mechanism

Bragadin

Iero

Cima

et al. 2007

Toxicology in Vitro

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The interactions of the antifouling compound TCMS (2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-methylsulphonyl pyridine) with rat liver mitochondria have been investigated. The results indicate that the compound inhibits ATP synthesis. Further investigations regarding the ATP synthesis mechanism suggest that TCMS inhibits succinic dehydrogenase of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. As the respiratory chain is similar in all living organisms, it can be concluded that the toxic effect of TCMS most likely depend on the different bioavailability of the compound and on the different importance of mitochondria in the ATP production in the animal species.

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“…This conclusion can be proposed for both TCMS and Sea-Nine, since, as reported in the literature (Bragadin et al, 2005), the RC is the action site for both compounds.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: The Respiratory Chain (Rc)mentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

TCMS inhibits ATP synthesis in mitochondria: A systematic analysis of the inhibitory mechanism

Bragadin

Iero

Cima

et al. 2007

Toxicology in Vitro

Self Cite

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“…However, the modes of action of most co-biocides have not been fully investigated. Based on the literature, several biocides including Irgarol 1051 (Hall et al 1999;Jones & Kerswell 2003;Devilla et al 2005;Arrhenius et al 2006;Bragadin et al 2006), Sea-Nine 211 (Bragadin et al 2005;Devilla et al 2005;Arrhenius et al 2006), diuron (Jones & Kerswell 2003;Devilla et al 2005;Ricart et al 2009), copper pyrithione (Maraldo & Dahllöf 2004), and zinc pyrithione (Maraldo & Dahllöf 2004;Devilla et al 2005) are suspected of inhibiting the photosynthesis of marine algae by targeting photosystem II. Irgarol 1051 exposure significantly increased the total and dinoflagellate multixenobiotic resistance, dinoflagellate Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, dinoflagellate chloroplast small heat-shock proteins, and cnidarian protoporphyrinogen oxidase IX while decreasing cnidarian glutathione peroxidase, cnidarian ferrochelatase, cnidarian catalase, and cnidarian CYP 450-3 and -6 classes (Downs & Downs 2007).…”

Section: Lethal Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mini-review: Molecular mechanisms of antifouling compounds

2013

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Various antifouling (AF) coatings have been developed to protect submerged surfaces by deterring the settlement of the colonizing stages of fouling organisms. A review of the literature shows that effective AF compounds with specific targets are ones often considered non-toxic. Such compounds act variously on ion channels, quorum sensing systems, neurotransmitters, production/release of adhesive, and specific enzymes that regulate energy production or primary metabolism. In contrast, AF compounds with general targets may or may not act through toxic mechanisms. These compounds affect a variety of biological activities including algal photosynthesis, energy production, stress responses, genotoxic damage, immunosuppressed protein expression, oxidation, neurotransmission, surface chemistry, the formation of biofilms, and adhesive production/release. Among all the targets, adhesive production/release is the most common, possibly due to a more extensive research effort in this area. Overall, the specific molecular targets and the molecular mechanisms of most AF compounds have not been identified. Thus, the information available is insufficient to draw firm conclusions about the types of molecular targets to be used as sensitive biomarkers for future design and screening of compounds with AF potential. In this review, the relevant advantages and disadvantages of the molecular tools available for studying the molecular targets of AF compounds are highlighted briefly and the molecular mechanisms of the AF compounds, which are largely a source of speculation in the literature, are discussed.

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Effects of Seven Antifouling Compounds on Photosynthesis and Inorganic Carbon Use in Sugar Kelp Saccharina latissima (Linnaeus)

Johansson

Eriksson

Axelsson

et al. 2012

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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Macroalgae depend on carbon-concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) to maintain a high photosynthetic activity under conditions of low carbon dioxide (CO(2)) availability. Because such conditions are prevalent in marine environments, CCMs are important for upholding the macroalgal primary productivity in coastal zones. This study evaluated the effects of seven antifouling compounds-chlorothalonil, DCOIT, dichlofluanid, diuron, irgarol, tolylfluanid, and zinc pyrithione (ZnTP)-on the photosynthesis and CCM of sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima (L.)). Concentration-response curves of these toxicants were established using inhibition of carbon incorporation, whereas their effects over time and their inhibition of the CCM were studied using inhibition of O(2) evolution. We demonstrate that exposure to all compounds except ZnTP (< 1000 nM) resulted in toxicity to photosynthesis of S. latissima. However, carbon incorporation and O(2) evolution differed in their ability to detect toxicity from some of the compounds. Diuron, irgarol, DCOIT, tolylfluanid, and, to some extent, dichlofluanid inhibited carbon incorporation. Chlorothalonil did not inhibit carbon incorporation but clearly inhibited oxygen (O(2)) evolution. Photosynthesis showed only little recovery during the 2-h postexposure period. Inhibition of photosynthesis even increased after the end of exposure to chlorothalonil and tolylfluanid. Through changes in pH of the medium, toxic effects on the CCM could be studied isolated from photosynthesis effects. The CCM of S. latissima was inhibited by chlorothalonil, DCOIT, dichlofluanid, and tolylfluanid. Such inhibition of the CCM, or the absence thereof, deepens the understanding the mechanism of action of the studied compounds.

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An in vitro study of the interaction of sea‐nine® with rat liver mitochondria

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

TCMS inhibits ATP synthesis in mitochondria: A systematic analysis of the inhibitory mechanism

TCMS inhibits ATP synthesis in mitochondria: A systematic analysis of the inhibitory mechanism

Mini-review: Molecular mechanisms of antifouling compounds

Effects of Seven Antifouling Compounds on Photosynthesis and Inorganic Carbon Use in Sugar Kelp Saccharina latissima (Linnaeus)

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