An incidentally Diagnosed Hepatocellular Carcinoma That Exhibited Unusual Metastasis

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer. It can be diagnosed at a late stage due to the lack of early symptom onset and its non-pathognomonic symptoms. Metastatic regions often include the lung, lymph nodes, bones, and adrenal glands. Soft tissue and central nervous system (CNS) metastases are extremely rare. The incidence of CNS metastasis ranges from 0.6% to 1.7%. Curative treatment is liver transplantation or resection in early stages. In advanced stages, local therapies include transarterial chemoembolization and radioembolization. Systemic treatments, such as sorafenib, regorafenib, ramucirumab, and nivolumab, are applied in the metastatic stage. We aimed to present with literature the case of HCC that was diagnosed incidentally and had rare metastasis of soft tissue and CNS and long-term overall survival.

Brain Metastases From Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Rare Case Report

“…The most common extrahepatic metastases are the lung, regional lymph nodes, peritoneum, and adrenal glands, but rarely to brain with an approximate rate of 1-6% that is associated with an extremely poor prognosis (13,14). Although the brain is not the most common site for metastatic disease for HCC, some investigators have predicted that the incidence of brain metastases will increase in the future as more patients survive longer (15,16).…”