An index of relationship quality based on attachment theory.

Weaver, Ann; Waal, Frans B. M. de

doi:10.1037/0735-7036.116.1.93

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Because the SBTF was not often exchanged between close companions, its usefulness as a conciliatory behavior is questionable. Affiliative and agonistic behaviors have previously been utilized to draw inferences about relationship quality within dyads (Weaver & de Waal ). In our study, mandrills with high rates of aggressive conflicts had relationships characterized by high rates of baseline SBTF exchange and little time spent in peaceful proximity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Let's Call A Truce…For Now: The Silent Bared‐Teeth Face Expression in Mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) During Baseline and Post‐Conflict Conditions

et al. 2014

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The distinction between signals that are friendly and those that are nonaggressive but motivationally neutral (signals of benign intent, SBIs) has not often been well elucidated in the literature. Although both signals occur in similar contexts, friendly signals should be exchanged more often between animals with good relationships whereas SBIs should be more commonly exchanged between animals with poor or unpredictable relationships. The importance of this distinction is particularly salient in the post-conflict context, because the two different types of signals may have disparate distributions and functions. This study examines the nature of the silent bared-teeth face (SBTF) in captive mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) both during baseline interactions and following aggressive conflicts. We report that the SBTF is most commonly exchanged between mandrills with high rates of agonism. In addition, the SBTF is the most common post-conflict signal exchanged, and the mandrills exchanging this signal after fighting also have poor relationships. We conclude that, although one must be careful in generalizing from studies of captive populations, the mandrill SBTF observed in this study is most accurately classified as a signal of benign intent, but not a truly friendly signal and discuss problems with interpreting post-conflict data without distinguishing between these types of signals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Let's Call A Truce…For Now: The Silent Bared‐Teeth Face Expression in Mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) During Baseline and Post‐Conflict Conditions

et al. 2014

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“…In their MO relationships, insecure youngsters were distinguished from secure youngsters by high proportions of agonism compared to affiliation. Analysis of the nature of the two relationships (Weaver & de Waal, 2002) revealed that mothers and young- sters in insecure relationships showed extensive approachavoidance behavior and nearly 10 times more agonism than secure MO pairs. Insecure youngsters avoided their mothers over twice as often as secure youngsters avoided their mothers and squabbled at her 7 times more often than secure capuchins squabbled at their mothers.…”

Section: Insecure Mother-offspring Relationships and Youngsters' Concmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mother-offspring relationship as a template in social development: Reconciliation in captive brown capuchins (Cebus apella).

Weaver

Waal

2003

Journal of Comparative Psychology

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Mother-offspring (MO) relationship quality was investigated to determine its influence on the development of reconciliation--affiliation between opponents shortly after a fight--because it influenceswhat distressed youngsters learn about calming down. Data were longitudinal and cross-sectional observational samples of 38 MO pairs of monkeys across 24 months. An MO relationship quality index (RQI) classified each pair as secure or insecure. Reconciliation emerged in infancy. Secure youngsters had an appeasing conciliatory style, and insecure youngsters had an agitated conciliatory style. Conclusions are that reconciliation develops from the attachment behavior system and MO RQI is related to the particular conciliatory style youngsters develop by affecting how aroused they are by conflict and the subsequent socializing they seek to calm down.

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“…This method is now widely used, and has allowed researchers to characterise specific patterns of attachment and their determinants. Use of basically similar methods has allowed results from both human and other animal studies to be compared more easily, and has led to mutual benefits with respect to both theory (Kraemer, 1992) and methods (Weaver and de Waal, 2002).…”

Section: Attachment Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 97%

The development of behaviour: trends since Tinbergen (1963)

Hogan¹,

Bolhuis²

2005

Animal Biol

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Niko Tinbergen (1963) put behavioural development on the map as one of the four main problems in behavioural biology. Developmental research at the time was still in the grip of the nature/nurture debate. In his discussion, Tinbergen advocated an interactionist approach to development, which has been the main point of view in developmental research since then. In this paper, we review research in a number of different areas, including imprinting, song learning, motivational systems, human language, and attachment. It has become clear that sensitive periods are important in all these areas, and that some aspects of development are generally irreversible; but these phenomena are not as rigid as was thought previously. Similarly, predispositions, or biases, play an important role in perceptual development, but here too there is much more flexibility than is sometimes suggested. Learning mechanisms underlying imprinting and song acquisition are very similar to those underlying other forms of associative learning. Cognitive concepts such as neural representations and behaviour systems are becoming more common in the analysis of developmental questions. Finally, there are numerous parallels between developmental processes in humans and other animals.

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An index of relationship quality based on attachment theory.

Cited by 31 publications

References 51 publications

Let's Call A Truce…For Now: The Silent Bared‐Teeth Face Expression in Mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) During Baseline and Post‐Conflict Conditions

Let's Call A Truce…For Now: The Silent Bared‐Teeth Face Expression in Mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) During Baseline and Post‐Conflict Conditions

The mother-offspring relationship as a template in social development: Reconciliation in captive brown capuchins (Cebus apella).

The development of behaviour: trends since Tinbergen (1963)

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