An indirect projection from the nucleus of the solitary tract to the central nucleus of the amygdala via the parabrachial nucleus in the rat: a light and electron microscopic study

Jia, Honglin; Rao, Zhi-Ren; Shi, Ji-Wu

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)91262-9

Cited by 60 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Large numbers of CTb cells were located bilaterally in the PBel, and these findings are in agreement with the various tract-tracing studies that have examined the connectivity between the CeA and the PB (Fulwiler and Saper, 1984;Bernard et al, 1993;Jia et al, 1994;Chamberlin et al, 1999). Furthermore, the pattern of c-fos expression in the PB after systemic IL-1␤ administration is consistent with a previous report that administered a similar dose of IL-1␤ into the circulation (Ericsson et al, 1994), although the present study is the first to quantify this response.…”

Section: Contribution Of the Pb To Il-1␤-induced Activation Of The Ceasupporting

confidence: 92%

“…However, the consistency of the retrogradely labeled cell counts, the site-specific labeling for three different amygdala divisions and agreement with numerous retrograde and anterograde tracing studies in the rat (Ottersen and BenAri, 1979;Fulwiler and Saper, 1984;Neafsey, 1990;Su and Bentivoglio, 1990;Gray, 1990, 1995;Hurley et al, 1991;Turner and Herkenham, 1991;Jia et al, 1992, Jia et al, 1994Bernard et al, 1993;Ciriello, 1993, 1994;Moga et al, 1995;Cheung et al, 1998;Chamberlin et al, 1999;Tkacs and Li, 1999;Fisk and Wyss, 2000) together suggest that CTb was restricted to the desired amygdala division and little uptake by fibers-of-passage occurred in the present study.…”

Section: Technical Considerationssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Retrogradely labeled cells were located predominantly in the lateral PB close to the superior cerebellar peduncle. This region is most likely to represent the external lateral division of the PB (PBel; Fulwiler and Saper, 1984;Bernard et al, 1993;Jia et al, 1994;Chamberlin et al, 1999;Tkacs and Li, 1999). A smaller number of retrogradely labeled cells were found in the PBel after BMA tracer deposit, but only a negligible number were observed in animals that received a tracer deposit in the BLA (Table 2).…”

Section: Distribution Of Retrogradely Labeled Cells In the Pbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The NTS is a pivotal integratory site believed to be important in receiving peripheral IL-1␤ signals and relaying this information to higher centers (Ericsson et al, 1994;Buller et al, 2001). The lateral PB, including the PBel division, receives neuronal inputs from NTS cells (Shapiro and Miselis, 1985;Herbert et al, 1990;Jia et al, 1994) and axon terminals from the NTS have been demonstrated to make direct synaptic contact with PBel neurons, which in turn project to the CeA (Jia et al, 1994). This connectivity could, therefore, constitute an indirect pathway for IL-1␤ signals to reach the CeA.…”

Section: Contribution Of the Pb To Il-1␤-induced Activation Of The Ceamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed from the numerous amygdala tract-tracing studies that have been reported, it is apparent that there are four major regions that contribute axonal projections to the CeA: (1) the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) (Ottersen and Ben-Ari, 1979;Neafsey, 1990;Hurley et al, 1991;Fisk and Wyss, 2000); (2) thalamic nuclei, in particular the paraventricular thalamus (PVT) (Su and Bentivoglio, 1990;Turner and Herkenham, 1991;Moga et al, 1995); (3) mesencephalic dopamine centers, primarily the ventral tegmental area (VTA) (Cheung et al, 1998); and (4) brainstem cell groups, including the PB (Fulwiler and Saper, 1984;Bernard et al, 1993;Jia et al, 1994;Chamberlin et al, 1999;Tkacs and Li, 1999), NTS, and ventrolateral medulla (VLM) (Zardetto- Gray, 1990, 1995;Jia et al, 1992;Ciriello, 1993, 1994). However, aside from the aforementioned brainstem lesion study, the contributions of these regions to the recruitment of CeA cells after systemic administration of IL-1␤ have not been investigated.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Systemic administration of interleukin‐1β activates select populations of central amygdala afferents

Buller

Day

2002

J of Comparative Neurology

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The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is activated robustly by an immune challenge such as the systemic administration of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1␤ (IL-1␤). Because IL-1␤ is not believed to cross the blood-brain barrier in any significant amount, it is likely that IL-1␤ elicits CeA cell recruitment by means of activation of afferents to the CeA. However, although many studies have investigated the origins of afferent inputs to the CeA, we do not know which of these also respond to IL-1␤. Therefore, to identify candidate neurons responsible for the recruitment of CeA cells by an immune challenge, we iontophoretically deposited a retrograde tracer, cholera toxin b-subunit (CTb), into the CeA of rats 7 days before systemic delivery of IL-1␤ (1 g/kg, i.a.). By using combined immunohistochemistry, we then quantified the number of Fos-positive CTb cells in six major regions known to innervate the CeA. These included the medial prefrontal cortex, paraventricular thalamus (PVT), ventral tegmental area, parabrachial nucleus (PB), nucleus tractus solitarius, and ventrolateral medulla. Our results show that after deposit of CTb into the CeA, the majority of double-labeled cells were located in the PB and the PVT, suggesting that CeA cell activation by systemic IL-1␤ is likely to arise predominantly from cell bodies located in these regions. These findings may have significant implications in determining the central pathways involved in generating acute central responses to a systemic immune challenge.

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Section: Contribution Of the Pb To Il-1␤-induced Activation Of The Ceasupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Technical Considerationssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Distribution Of Retrogradely Labeled Cells In the Pbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Contribution Of the Pb To Il-1␤-induced Activation Of The Ceamentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systemic administration of interleukin‐1β activates select populations of central amygdala afferents

Buller

Day

2002

J of Comparative Neurology

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Central amygdala Fos expression during hypotensive or febrile, nonhypotensive endotoxemia in conscious rats

Tkacs

Strack

1997

J. Comp. Neurol.

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The distribution and time course of Fos expression in neurons in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) were studied in endotoxemic rats in two separate experiments. In each case, the severity of the endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS) challenge was characterized by using physiological outcome variables, including blood pressure and heart rate. Throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the CeA, extensive Fos staining was found 3 hours after injection with a hypotensive dose of Salmonella enteritidis LPS. Hypotension alone has been reported to induce Fos in the CeA; therefore, the remaining experiments were performed by using a lower dose of Escherichia coli LPS that did not cause hypotension. The nonhypotensive dose of E. coli LPS also induced Fos in large numbers of neurons of the CeA, with peak staining at 2 hours and Fos staining persisting for 6 hours after LPS injection. Tachycardia and fever after LPS also persisted for at least 6 hours. CeA Fos staining during nonhypotensive endotoxemia was predominantly located in the lateral subnucleus, although Fos-stained medial sub-nucleus neurons were also present. Additional forebrain regions that showed persistent Fos staining 6 hours after LPS included the parvocellular paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and the medial preoptic area. Forebrain regions that contained Fos-stained nuclei at earlier time points, but not at 6 hours, included the supraoptic nucleus, magnocellular regions of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, the subfornical organ, and the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis. Few CeA neurons showed Fos staining in rats that were restrained in a ventilated plastic tube. Neurons in the lateral septal nucleus and the medial amygdaloid nucleus, which have numerous Fos-stained nuclei after stressors such as footshock or restraint, did not show Fos staining above control levels after LPS administration. Activation of CeA neurons after intravenous LPS may indicate persistent drive from vagal afferents and may implicate the CeA in the autonomic, neuroendocrine, and/or behavioral responses to this treatment.

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Evidence of ?-aminobutyric acidergic control over the catecholaminergic projection from the medulla oblongata to the central nucleus of the amygdala

1997

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It is known that the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) project to the central nucleus of the amygdala (Ce), conveying visceral information. Conversely, the Ce sends projections to the NTS and the VLM. To understand better the role of catecholamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in these reciprocal connections, experiments were performed by combining lectin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) anterograde and retrograde transport with preembedding immunocytochemistry to detect tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and postembedding immunocytochemistry to detect GABA. The light microscopic study suggested that the majority of neurons in the NTS and the VLM projecting to the Ce were TH immunoreactive (TH-IR). Most of them were located at the level of the obex. Under the electron microscope, the GABAergic and non-GABAergic terminals were found to form synaptic contacts with the TH-(IR) or Ce-projecting or TH-IR/Ce-projecting double-labelled neurons of the NTS and VLM. The GABAergic terminals mostly formed symmetrical synaptic contacts with the postsynaptic structure in which perikarya (14-19%), dendrites (79-84%), and spines (2%) were observed. Approximately 94% of the axon terminals in the NTS and 90% of those in the VLM arising from the Ce were GABAergic and appeared not to form synaptic contacts with the TH-IR or Ce-projecting neurons in these regions. The present results demonstrated that the catecholaminergic neurons of the NTS and VLM projecting to the Ce receive an extensive GABAergic innervation and that the amygdala projection to the medulla is mostly GABAergic.

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An indirect projection from the nucleus of the solitary tract to the central nucleus of the amygdala via the parabrachial nucleus in the rat: a light and electron microscopic study

Cited by 60 publications

References 22 publications

Systemic administration of interleukin‐1β activates select populations of central amygdala afferents

Systemic administration of interleukin‐1β activates select populations of central amygdala afferents

Central amygdala Fos expression during hypotensive or febrile, nonhypotensive endotoxemia in conscious rats

Evidence of ?-aminobutyric acidergic control over the catecholaminergic projection from the medulla oblongata to the central nucleus of the amygdala

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