An Inexpensive Inoculation Chamber

Abstract

_ _________________________________________ Introduction _______________________________________ Purpose of the study____________________________ Acknowledgments. ______________________________ Character and extent of the Berea sandstone.______ Method of investigation. ________________________ Well records ___________________________________ A description of some of the more common terms used by the oil-and gaswell drillers in the Appalachian basin_ ________________________________ Sand._____________________________________ Settling sand_______________________________ Lime_ _ ____________________________________ Shells, shale and shells, slate and shells, sand shells, or lime shells.______________________ Cave, pencil cave, and mules ear cave_________ Red rock __________________________________ Coffee shale._______________________________ Historical summary of the stratigraphic nomenclature ______________________________________ The age relation of the Bedford shale and Berea sandstone_ _________________________________ Correlations and stratigraphy._______________________ Upper Devonian rocks___________________________ Ohio shale _________________________________ Huron member_________________________ Cleveland member._____________________ Chattanooga shale__________________________ Chagrin shale ______________________________ Riceville shale______________________________ Mississippian rocks_____________________________ Surface correlations.________________________ Subsurface correlations ______________________ Cussewago sandstone______________________ General features._______________________ Relation of the Cussewago sandstone to Caster's Cobham conglomerate member of the Knapp formation_______________ Subsurface features (Murrysville sand)____ Bedford shale_ _____________________________ Exposures west and south of Berea, Ohio__ Exposures east of Berea, Ohio____________ Correlation of the Bedford shale._________ Subsurface. ____________________________ Berea sandstone ____________________________ Exposures west and south of Berea, Ohio_. Exposures east of Berea, Ohio.___________ Subsurface_____________________________ Relationship of Berea sand and Cussewago (Murrysville) sand in eastern Ohio and western Pennsylvania.___ Correlation of the Berea sand of southern Ohio, West Virginia, and Kentucky ___________________________ Correlation of Berea and Corry sandstones_____ Page 1 2 2 3

Plant spores and other microfossils from Upper Devonian and Lower Mississippian rocks of Ohio

“…The strata investigated contain the contrasting spore assemblages mentioned by Dawson (1888; also p. 6 of this report), as well as the controversial Devonian-Mississippian boundary. In view of the recent study by Pepper, de Witt, and Demarest (1954) on the Bedford shale and Berea sandstone and studies by many others on the geology of Ohio, as noted in the present writer's section on "Stratigraphic relations and sample localities," there is no occasion for detailed discussion of the Stratigraphic relations.…”

“…The shale thins southward from more than 500 feet in southern Huron County, Ohio, to about 95 feet in Estill Comity, Ky. (Pepper, de Witt, and Demarest, 1954). In east-central Ohio, the Ohio shale is more than 950 feet thick at locality 7 ( fig.…”

“…The base of the Mississippian is placed at the base of the Bedford shale in accordance with de Witt (1951), Winslow, White,and Weber (195(3),, Hyde (1953), and Pepper, de Witt, and Demarest (1954).…”

“…Here the immediately overlying upper member of the Ohio shale, the Cleveland member, is lithologically similar, but differs in that it contains thin beds of gray shale, siltstone, and siliceous limestone in the lower part. Eastward the tough grayishblack shale of the Cleveland iiiterfingers with the Chagrin shale, thinning to a feather edge in eastern Ashtabula Comity (Pepper, de Witt, and Demarest, 1954 …”

Pennsylvanian and associated rocks in Wyoming

“…Support for this hypothesis was provided by the work of Pepper, de Witt, and Demarest (1954), who postulated the existence in Early Mississippian time of the Ontario Eiver of eastern Canada, which provided the material for the Berea Sandstone and associated shales in Ohio and Michigan. Their plate 12 shows the headwaters of the Ontario Eiver to have been in Labrador, the Maritime Provinces, and the region east of Hudson Bay; the delta was in Ohio.…”