An influenza A virus agglutination test using antibody-like polymers

Abstract

Antibodies are commonly used in diagnostic routines to identify pathogens. The testing protocols are relatively simple, requiring a certain amount of a specific antibody to detect its corresponding pathogen. Antibody functionality can be mimicked by synthesizing molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), i.e. polymers that can selectively recognize a given template structure. Thus, MIPs are sometimes termed 'plastic antibody (PA)'. In this study, we have synthesized new granular MIPs using influenza A virus templates by precipitation polymerization. The selective binding of influenza A to the MIP particles was assessed and subsequently contrasted with other viruses. The affinities of influenza A virus towards the MIP was estimated based on an agglutination test by measuring the amount of influenza subtypes absorbed onto the MIPs. The MIPs produced using the H1N1 template showed specific reactivity to H1N1 while those produced using H5N1 and H3N2 templates showed cross-reactivity.

Electrochemical Biosensor Based on Surface Imprinting for Zika Virus Detection in Serum

“…After template removal, the SIP surfaces contain cavities that can recognize that template. SIPs from some virus species have been reported, and some of these SIPs have been successfully utilized as biosensors. − However, typical SIPs have very high electrical resistance and are not suitable for use in the formation of an electrochemically sensitive layer. Hence, by adding nanocarbon materials into these SIPs, electrochemical biosensors can be generated. − In this work, we constructed an electrochemical biosensor for ZIKV detection based on nanocarbon composites to detect ZIKV in both buffers and serum samples.…”

Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: Promising Tool for the Human Virus Detection

“…An agglutination test was done to check the affinity of the virus towards MIP. The MIP formed using the H1N1 template displayed specific reactivity, while the MIP formed using H5N1 and H3N2 templates exhibited cross-reactivity [44].…”

Progress in Treatment and Diagnostics of Infectious Disease with Polymers

“…The selective binding of MIPs with virus was checked by agglutination test, which showed a greater affinity toward H1N1. 70 A core−shell poly(glycydyl methacrylate)polystyrene nanoparticle (Figure 6) immobilized with sialic acid mimic peptide was synthesized to detect the influenza virus. This peptide helped the NP to bind with hemagglutinin antigen of both human and avian influenza.…”

“…Monomers including acrylamide, methyl methacrylate, vinylpyrolidone, and methacrylic acid were used to synthesize molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) using influenza A as template. The selective binding of MIPs with virus was checked by agglutination test, which showed a greater affinity toward H1N1 . A core–shell poly­(glycydyl methacrylate)-polystyrene nanoparticle (Figure ) immobilized with sialic acid mimic peptide was synthesized to detect the influenza virus.…”