An Inhaler Tracking System Based on Acoustic Analysis: Hardware and Software

Xie, Wenyang; Gaydecki, Patrick; Caress, Ann Louise

doi:10.1109/tim.2018.2886978

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Therefore, detection of the respiration cycle and identifying inhalation and exhalation is very challenging and inaccurate. In contrast to lung sound, the trachea sound is relatively clear with high amplitude (louder) and better SNR since the adventitious sounds originate in the lungs [47]. This facilitates easy identification of inhalation and exhalation events using the trachea sound.…”

Section: Inhalation and Exhalation Detection (Stage 1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent Detection of Adventitious Sounds Critical in Diagnosing Cardiovascular and Cardiopulmonary Diseases

Zhang,

Maddipatla,

Narakathu

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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A Multi-Channel Stethograph System (STG system) was designed and developed as an electronic auscultation system for recording heart, lung, and trachea sounds non-invasively through an acoustic sensor array. The STG system consists of 16 acoustic sensors, a signal conditioning board, and a data logger (data acquisition, wireless transmission, sound visualization). The STG system captures breath with any adventitious sound event in 16 locations simultaneously to maximize the information of the specific sound event (for example, detection of the origin of mother adventitious sound and extracting its features), when compared with a single-channel stethoscope. This system can be an efficient tool to aid doctors or physicians in analyzing the adventitious sound from respiration diseases. However, it still requires the need for an experienced doctor or physician in the diagnosis and validation of adventitious sound. This paper presents a computerized method with an intelligent algorithm for detecting various adventitious sounds that are the key characteristics of cardiopulmonary diseases (CD) and assists the doctor/physician in the continuous diagnosis of lungs, which potentially can be beneficial during the COVID-19 progression. The proposed algorithm was able to detect breath patterns using trachea sound; location of the mother adventitious event using lung sounds (14 channels); determine the type of adventitious sound by correlating lung sound with trachea sound. The algorithm consists of breath pattern detection, candidate audio selection, breath pattern extraction, and adventitious sound detection. Digital signal processing techniques such as filtering, windowing, enveloping, discrete Fourier transform, and thresholds were used for identifying and classifying the inhalation and exhalation patterns in the lung sound in an independent (automatic) and intelligent way. The auscultation diagnosis algorithm can identify and distinguish discontinuous adventitious sounds which include wheeze, rhonchi, wheeze & rhonchi, and squawk, with an accuracy of 96.9%, 95.3%, 90%, and 100%. The algorithm was able to fully utilize the advantage of the multichannel system to simultaneously detect breath patterns, types of adventitious sound, and the location of the mother adventitious event that other algorithms cannot achieve. It has the potential to aid doctors/physicians in the early detection and monitoring of any lung disorders by providing objective evidence on adventitious sounds.

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Section: Inhalation and Exhalation Detection (Stage 1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent Detection of Adventitious Sounds Critical in Diagnosing Cardiovascular and Cardiopulmonary Diseases

Zhang,

Maddipatla,

Narakathu

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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“…9(a)). Typically, respiration rates (inhalation and exhalation) has been detected using lung sound [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. However, lung sounds are relatively small and has noises from heartbeat and blood vessels.…”

Section:  Respiration Rate Detection Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Novel Wireless Multi-Channel Stethograph System for Monitoring Cardiovascular and Cardiopulmonary Diseases

Zhang¹,

Maddipatla

Narakathu

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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A multi-channel stethograph system was designed and developed as an electronic auscultation system for graphic recording of heart, lung, and trachea (HLT) sounds non-invasively through a set of 16 acoustic sensors. The multi-channel stethograph system was fabricated by placing 16 microphone based acoustic sensor in a CNC machined Delrin® housing cases that are covered using diaphragms. Among the 16 acoustic sensors, 14 were positioned in a memory foam pad, and two were placed directly on the heart and trachea to acquire sounds simultaneously from the lungs, heart, and trachea. The sounds acquired from the 16 acoustic sensors were processed through a custom designed and fabricated 16-channel PCB for signal conditioning. A National Instruments (NI) 9205 data acquisition device (DAQ) along with a NI 9191 wireless chassis was used to acquire and wirelessly transmit the data from the 16-channel PCB to a Wi-Fi enabled device such as a PC/tablet. A custom LabVIEW program was developed on a Wi-Fi enabled PC/tablet to record the data from the DAQ. In addition, a MATLAB program was developed to convert the recorded data from the acoustic sensors into 16 audio files (for audio playback) and plot the waveforms in time and frequency domain as well as spectrogram for visual examination of any abnormal patterns in inhalation and exhalation. This provides critical information on the presence of crackles, rhonchi and wheeze sounds as well as abnormal heartbeat and respiration rate which helps in analyzing the condition of heart and lungs. The graphically displayed HLT sounds will help physicians in the clinical diagnosis and monitoring of lung and heart disorders, particularly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pneumonia, and congestive heart failure by providing objective evidence.

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“…7(a)). Typically, respiration rates (inhalation and exhalation) has been detected using lung sound [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. However, lung sounds are relatively small and has noises from heartbeat and blood vessels.…”

Section: • Respiration Rate Detection Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Novel Wireless Multi-Channel Stethograph System for Monitoring Cardiovascular and Cardiopulmonary Diseases

Zhang

Maddipatla

Narakathu

et al. 2021

Preprint

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A multi-channel stethograph system was designed and developed as an electronic auscultation system for graphic recording of heart, lung and trachea (HLT) sounds non-invasively through a set of 16 acoustic sensors. The multi-channel stethograph system was fabricated by placing 16 microphone based acoustic sensor in a CNC machined Delrin® housing cases that are covered using diaphragms. Among the 16 acoustic sensors, 14 were positioned in a memory foam pad and 2 were placed directly on the heart and trachea to acquire sounds simultaneously from the lungs, heart and trachea. The sounds acquired from the 16 acoustic sensors were processed through a custom designed and fabricated 16-channel PCB for signal conditioning. A National Instruments (NI) 9205 data acquisition device (DAQ) along with a NI 9191 wireless chassis was used to acquire and wirelessly transmit the data from the 16-channel PCB to a Wi-Fi enabled device such as a PC/tablet. A custom LabVIEW program was developed on a Wi-Fi enabled PC/tablet to record the data from the DAQ. In addition, a MATLAB program was developed to convert the recorded data from the acoustic sensors into 16 audio files (for audio playback) and plot the waveforms in time and frequency domain as well as spectrogram for visual examination of any abnormal patterns in inhalation and exhalation. This provides critical information on the presence of wheezes, crackles and rhonchi sounds as well as abnormal heartbeat and respiration rate which helps in analyzing the condition of heart and lungs. The graphically displayed HLT sounds will help physicians in the clinical diagnosis and monitoring of lung and heart disorders, particularly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pneumonia, and congestive heart failure by providing objective evidence.

show abstract

An Inhaler Tracking System Based on Acoustic Analysis: Hardware and Software

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

Intelligent Detection of Adventitious Sounds Critical in Diagnosing Cardiovascular and Cardiopulmonary Diseases

Intelligent Detection of Adventitious Sounds Critical in Diagnosing Cardiovascular and Cardiopulmonary Diseases

Development of a Novel Wireless Multi-Channel Stethograph System for Monitoring Cardiovascular and Cardiopulmonary Diseases

Development of a Novel Wireless Multi-Channel Stethograph System for Monitoring Cardiovascular and Cardiopulmonary Diseases

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