An Initial Test of a Cognitive-Emotional Theory of Esteem Support Messages

Holmstrom, Amanda J.; Burleson, Brant R.

doi:10.1177/0093650210376191

Cited by 87 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Consistent with this hypothesis, an initial test of the CETESM found that high emotion-focused messages were rated as better at enhancing perceptions of state selfesteem than messages low in emotion focus (Holmstrom & Burleson, 2011).…”

Section: Message Qualitymentioning

confidence: 84%

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The Mediating Role of Cognitive Reattribution and Reappraisal in the Esteem Support Process

Holmstrom

Kim

2012

Communication Research

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The recently proposed cognitive-emotional theory of esteem support messages (CETESM) posits that sophisticated esteem support messages enhance state self-esteem by promoting cognitive reattribution and reappraisal of esteem-threatening situations and their effects on the self. To test this hypothesis, participants (N = 234) read a hypothetical situation in which they imagined they had experienced one of two esteem-threatening situations. They then read a conversation in which a helper offered high-or low-quality esteem support messages. Finally, participants completed measures of cognitive reattribution and reappraisal and state self-esteem. Results mostly supported the predicted mediational model, though one message feature failed to predict message ratings, and issues arose in assessing cognitive reattribution.

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Section: Message Qualitymentioning

confidence: 84%

“…An initial test of the CETESM (Holmstrom & Burleson, 2011) investigated the effectiveness of messages that were theorized to be more and less sophisticated, as well as the outcomes that may be associated with esteem support messages of differing quality. For the most part, theoretical predictions were supported.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Mediating Role of Cognitive Reattribution and Reappraisal in the Esteem Support Process

Holmstrom

Kim

2012

Communication Research

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“…." Holmstrom & Burleson, 2011). Thus, friends' supportive responses (i.e., acceptance) and influence techniques (i.e., challenge; Lewis & Butterfield, 2007;Markey, Markey, & Gray, 2007) may facilitate others thinking differently about themselves and their behaviors.…”

Section: Confronting Co-rumination: Confirmation Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Rumination of Fat Talk and Weight Control Practices: An Application of Confirmation Theory

Arroyo

Segrin

Harwood

et al. 2016

Health Communication

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Grounded in confirmation theory, the current research sought to explore the relationship between co-rumination of fat talk and weight control practices (i.e., binging and purging, exercising, and healthy eating behaviors), with a particular interest in whether perceptions of friends' responses during these interactions exacerbate or mitigate this relationship. Female friendship dyads completed online questionnaires at three time points across 2 weeks. Multilevel modeling analyses revealed that (a) co-rumination was positively associated with binging and purging and exercising, (b) women who perceived their friends as accepting reported less binging and purging, more exercising, and more healthy eating behaviors,

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“…Depending on characteristics of specific support situation, such as causes of stress, emotional support may be manifested as esteem support, which focuses on helping the target maintain or restore selfesteem or positive self-identity through verbal and/or nonverbal expressions of concern, affection, reassurance, and positive appraisal (Collins & Feeney, 2004;Cramer, 2003;Weisz & Wood, 2005;Wills, 1985). Therefore, in this study, emotional support is viewed as encompassing esteem support (Dakof & Taylor, 1990;Graetz, Shute, & Sawyer, 2000;Holmstrom & Burleson, 2011).Substantial research has documented the salutary effects of sensitive emotional support on the physical and psychological well-being of individuals, as well as the maintenance and development of personal relationships (e.g., Acitelli, 1996;Burleson, Kunkel, Samter, & Werking, 1996;Samter, 1994;Whitbeck, Hoyt, & Huck, 1994). Correspondingly, the provision of emotional support has been consistently evaluated as a helpful and appropriate response to an individual's stress across a wide range of situations, and across cultures (for reviews, see Feng & Burleson, 2006;MacGeorge et al, 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

When Should Advice Be Given? Assessing the Role of Sequential Placement of Advice in Supportive Interactions in Two Cultures

Feng

2012

Communication Research

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The current study assessed an integrated model of advice giving (Emotional supportProblem inquiry and analysis-Advice) with 572 participants from United States and 540 participants from mainland China. Participants read and responded to a hypothetical scenario in which they received advice from a friend. Advice that was offered following the moves of emotional support and problem inquiry and analysis was judged by both American and Chinese participants to be higher in quality and was more likely to be implemented than advice that did not follow this sequential pattern. Compared to Chinese participants, American participants evaluated advice offered with emotional support or problem inquiry and analysis as higher in quality. Participants with a higher independent self-construal also rated advice offered in conjunction with emotional support or problem inquiry and analysis as higher in quality than participants with a lower independent self-construal. Keywordssequential placement, advice-giving model, emotional support, problem inquiry and analysis, advice quality, intention to implement advice, culture, individualism-collectivism, selfconstrual, U.S., Chinese Advice, which can be defined as recommendation about what to do, think, or feel to manage a situation (MacGeorge, Graves, Feng, Gillihan, & Burleson, 2004), is a very common way for individuals to respond to others' problems and is a near-ubiquitous component of supportive interactions (e.g., Goldsmith & Fitch, 1997; Article 914Communication Research 41 (7) 2011). Research has shown that people's responses to advice can be influenced by a variety of factors, including the extent to which the advice attends to the recipient's desired self-image (Goldsmith & MacGeorge, 2000;MacGeorge, Feng, Butler, & Budarz, 2004), perceived content features of the advised course of action (Feng & Burleson, 2008;, and the perceived characteristics of advice-giver (for a review, see MacGeorge, Feng, & Thompson, 2008).A major limitation with prior research on advice was that advice had been typically studied as an independent form of support that functions on its own, and most studies had ignored the interconnectedness of various supportive acts. In recognition of this limitation, Feng (2009) advocated that more research attention be paid to the sequential placement of advice in supportive interactions. Feng (2009) argued that advice can be integrated with other forms of supportive acts, such as comforting and problem inquiry and analysis, in a complementary fashion to achieve optimal effect. Based on these assumptions, Feng (2009) proposed a theoretical framework called the Integrated Model of Advice-giving (IMA), which suggests that advice in supportive interactions should be more effective after the helper has first provided emotional support to the target and then engaged in problem inquiry and analysis to assess the relevance of advice. Feng's (2009) initial testing of this model with European American subjects largely supported those predictions.Given that IMA has...

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An Initial Test of a Cognitive-Emotional Theory of Esteem Support Messages

Cited by 87 publications

References 44 publications

The Mediating Role of Cognitive Reattribution and Reappraisal in the Esteem Support Process

The Mediating Role of Cognitive Reattribution and Reappraisal in the Esteem Support Process

Co-Rumination of Fat Talk and Weight Control Practices: An Application of Confirmation Theory

When Should Advice Be Given? Assessing the Role of Sequential Placement of Advice in Supportive Interactions in Two Cultures

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