An insect-moulting hormone from a plant

Galbraith, M. N.; Horn, D. H. S.

doi:10.1039/c19660000905

Cited by 51 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…and also as a source of phytoecdysteroids. These phytoecdysteroids provide them the defensive nature to insect attack by disrupting their moulting (Galbraith & Horn 1966). Ainge and Lorimer (2002) isolated the alkaloid huperzine A from Lycopodium varium as a major antifeedant and insecticidal component and showed mortality in carpet beetle, anthrenocerus australis at 110 ppm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of certain common ferns against red spider mite Oligonychus coffeae and tea mosquito bug Helopeltis theivora infesting tea

Prabhakaran¹,

Radhakrishnan²,

Srikumar³

et al. 2017

Plant Prot. Sci.

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Prabhakaran P., Radhakrishnan B., Srikumar K.K., Suresh Kumar B. (2017): Efficacy of certain common ferns against red spider mite Oligonychus coffeae and tea mosquito bug Helopeltis theivora infesting tea. Plant Protect Sci., 53: 232-242.In search for botanicals as an alternative remedy to synthetic chemicals in the pest control of tea plantations, ferns such as adiantum raddianum, asplenium aethiopicum, Cyclosorus interruptus, dicranopteris linearis, diplazium polypodioides, and Pteridium aquilinum were evaluated against the two major pests of tea, red spider mite Oligonychus coffeae Nietner and tea mosquito bug Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse, which are the foremost seasonal pests in tea fields, causing severe crop loss. Apart from synthetic chemicals, only the neem kernel extract is recommended in tea fields. The aqueous extracts of ferns were screened at different concentrations against these pests under laboratory and field conditions. The extracts of P. aquilinum and d. linearis showed good contact toxicity at a 5% concentration to O. coffeae. The acaricidal activity was observed in the order P. aquilinum > d. linearis > C. interruptus > a. raddianum > d. polypodioides > a. aethiopicum. Under field conditions, the extract of d. linearis and P. aquilinum showed a 50% reduction in the population of red spider mite and caused no phytotoxic effect to tea leaves. But their insecticidal activity was less pronounced against H. theivora. They exhibit antifeedant activity, which was sustained only for 24 hours. The photochemical screening of extracts showed a qualitatively increased level of saponins in P. aquilinum, d. linearis, and C. interruptus. The study shows that the aqueous extracts of d. linearis and P. aquilinum can be incorporated in the mite control programme in tea.Keywords: botanicals; aqueous extracts; acaricidal activity; insecticidal activity Tea occupies a major position among various plantation crops. It is grown in 50 different countries and the prime producers are India,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of certain common ferns against red spider mite Oligonychus coffeae and tea mosquito bug Helopeltis theivora infesting tea

Prabhakaran¹,

Radhakrishnan²,

Srikumar³

et al. 2017

Plant Prot. Sci.

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“…The discovery of ecdysteroids in plants [32–34] resulted in the commercial availability of ecdysteroids to all insect physiologists, because they can regulate insect growth, development and reproduction [35]. Our results showed that β-ecdysterone have significant lethal and sublethal effects on grape phylloxera, this may be related to the toxic characteristics of β-ecdysterone, such as antifeedant, growth and development inhibitive activities [36–37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

The Sublethal Effects of β-Ecdysterone, a Highly Active Compound from Achyranthes bidentata Blume, on Grape Phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch

Liu

Yang

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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Grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch) (Hemiptera, Phylloxeridae), is a very destructive insect pest of grapevines. Intercropping of Achyranthes bidentata Blume (f. Amaranthaceae) and Vitis spp. grapevines can be useful to control this pest. In the present study, the toxicity of 22 compounds, known to be present in A. bidentata, to grape phylloxera was evaluated. All treatments were toxic towards grape phylloxera but the degree of toxicity differed between treatments. Among the 22 tested compounds, several of which proved toxic towards grape phylloxera. However β-ecdysterone had higher toxic effects against grape phylloxera, with LC50 values of 175.73 mg a.i. liter-1. In addition, we assessed the sublethal effects of LC10, LC20 and LC40 of β-ecdysterone on grape phylloxera. The fourth instar and adult developmental periods and total life span were significantly prolonged by LC40 of β-ecdysterone. Fecundity decreased when grape phylloxera were exposed to LC20 and LC40 of β-ecdysterone. In addition, LC40 of β-ecdysterone decreased the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and the finite rate of increase (λ) and prolonged the population doubling time (DT). The net reproductive rate (R0) was significantly reduced by both the LC20 and LC40 β-ecdysterone treatments. Our results demonstrated that β-ecdysterone had higher toxic effects and significant sublethal effects on grape phylloxera, and showed potential control of grape phylloxera.

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“…Nakanishi et al (1966) Ponasterone (Fig. 2, IIIa) from Podocarpus, ecdysterone has been found in several plant materials, such as Podocarpus (Galbraith & Horn, 1966), Polypodium (Jizba et al, 1967a), Vitex (Rimpler & Schulz, 1967). Takemoto and his associates have found numerous ecdysterone derivatives in various plants, as for instance Inokosterone (Fig.…”

Section: The Moulting Hormone Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Plants as a Source of Materials With Insect Hormone Activity

Sláma

1969

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Certain plants contain substances with insect hormone like activity. These hormone analogues may influence insect-plant interactions like some other factors such as nutritional requirements, chemoreception, toxicity, etc.Experimental evidence indicates that an external supply of the hormonal substances, which comes from the plant without respect to the physiological control mechanisms, disturbs the precise synchronization of insect development and leads to the appearance of malformed creatures unable to survive and reproduce.We distinguish two types of hormonally active plant substances; a) Those with insect juvenile hormone activity, which are mainly aliphatic or monocyclic sesquiterpenes of farnesane or bisabolane types, and b) Substances with moulting hormone activity, which are polyhydroxy-steroid compounds related to ecdysone.The isoprenoid compounds with juvenile hormone activity occur in various plants.One of the most common ecdysone analogues of plant origin seems to be the 20-hydroxy ecdysone or ecdysterone. Hormonal activity of the plant substances is similar to, or higher than that of ecdysone. Whole series of ecdysone analogues have been isolated from various unrelated plants. In some cases they occur in extremely large quantities. There are some indications that they do act when fed in the diet.Plants which are known to contain analogues of insect hormones are more or less resistant, especially against susceptible insects. It does not seem impossible that certain plants have interacted in their evolution with insect feeders by using hormonomimetic materials --a method which we have not appreciated until now.Chemical interactions between plants and insects are also associated with secondary plant substances which are of little or no nutritional value. These substances influence various physiological processes resulting in growth inhibition, retardation of development or general toxicity. The presence of these physiologically active substances constitutes an important factor in the resistance of plants to insects (Beck, 1965). On the other hand, insects are able to identify and discriminate between the plants which are or are not suitable for their development and survival. They have developed specific chemosensory mechanisms of host-plant selection (Schoonhoven, 1968) as a result of evolutionary adaptations.Recent progress in insect endocrinology has revealed surprisingly that certain plants contain relatively large amounts of highly potent analogues of insect hormones, which are able to disturb the precise synchronization of insect development and so to suppress the insect's ability to survive and reproduce. The substances

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An insect-moulting hormone from a plant

Cited by 51 publications

References 0 publications

Efficacy of certain common ferns against red spider mite Oligonychus coffeae and tea mosquito bug Helopeltis theivora infesting tea

Efficacy of certain common ferns against red spider mite Oligonychus coffeae and tea mosquito bug Helopeltis theivora infesting tea

The Sublethal Effects of β-Ecdysterone, a Highly Active Compound from Achyranthes bidentata Blume, on Grape Phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch

Plants as a Source of Materials With Insect Hormone Activity

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