An insight into microstructural heterogeneities formation between weld subregions of laser welded copper to stainless steel joints

Ramachandran, Saranarayanan; Lakshminarayanan, A.K.

doi:10.1016/s1003-6326(20)65249-9

Cited by 26 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This may be caused by the heterogeneous nucleation in the promotion of the SS islands. Our results were consistent with a previous study [ 18 ]. Moreover, fine spherical steel grains with extremely small sizes were observed in both C1 and C2 ( Figure 5 d,e) due to the supercooling effect on the Cu/weld interface.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Wire-Feeding Laser Welding of Copper/Stainless Steel Using Different Filler Metals

Cui

et al. 2021

Materials

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Ni-based filler metal and Ni-Cu-based filler metal were used to obtain copper/stainless steel (Cu/SS) joints through wire-feeding laser welding. Along the SS/weld interface, there exist different grain sizes (from coarse columnar grains to fine equiaxed grains). The heat affected zone (HAZ) on the copper side consisted of two areas with different grain sizes and the size of the grain in the Cu-HAZ of the Ni-Cu-based filled joint was much smaller than that of the Ni-based filled joint. Our results showed that grain refinement at the copper/weld (Cu/weld) interface of the Ni-Cu-based filled joint was observed through high-resolution electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). There was a hardness elevation at the Cu/weld interface of the Ni-Cu-based filled joint due to the grain refinement on the weld of the copper side. The maximum tensile strength of the Ni-Cu-based filled joint was obtained and reached 91.2% of the tensile strength of the copper base metal (Cu-BM). Joints in this study were observed to fracture in a ductile mode. Furthermore, the Ni-Cu-based filled joint exhibited a higher plastic deformation, which was primarily caused by the large deformation of the weld zone and the large deformation of the Cu-BM due to the high plasticity of the weld, which alleviated the stress concentration, as indicated by 2D-digital image correlation (DIC) test results.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Wire-Feeding Laser Welding of Copper/Stainless Steel Using Different Filler Metals

Cui

et al. 2021

Materials

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“…[5][6][7] When copper and steel are connected, the composite materials often present instability due to large differences in physical properties of the two materials. At present, there are many preparation methods for copper-steel composites, such as rolling composites, [8,9] spray deposition, [10] powder sintering, [11] explosive welding, [12][13][14][15] laser welding, [16][17][18] friction stir welding, [19,20] and gas metal arc welding. [21] Zhang [15] systematically studied four bonding interfaces after explosive welding of copper/steel (vortex, transition, solid-solid bonding, and defects), and the element content in the obtained transition bond interface presented a gradient change due to the mutual diffusion of atoms.…”

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confidence: 99%

Experimental Characterization and Microstructural Evaluation of Silicon Bronze-Alloy Steel Bimetallic Structures by Additive Manufacturing

Zhang

et al. 2021

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…Chen et al [17] found that liquid separation and microcracks in the fusion zone could be prevented in "welding-brazing mode" by laser beam inclination towards the stainless steel. The methods of laser beam offset or inclination towards stainless steel to minimize the melting of copper have also been adopted by other researchers to obtain sound welds without cracks between stainless steel and copper [19,21,22]. Contrary to the above investigations, an approach of applying laser beams towards copper was raised by Shen and Gupta [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation Mechanism and Control of Solidification Cracking in Laser-Welded Joints of Steel/Copper Dissimilar Metals

Gao

Yang

Wang

et al. 2022

Metals

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The solidification cracking behavior in laser welds of steel/copper dissimilar metals was systematically investigated. T2 copper and SUS304 stainless steel were used in the study. The results showed that the occurrence of solidification cracking in welds was the synergistic effect of ε phase liquation, inclusions and composition segregation. During the welding process, the liquation of grain boundaries substantially reduced the cohesion between adjacent grains, as well as the resistance for intergranular crack propagation. The composition segregation inside the grains could induce lattice distortion, thus reducing the plastic deformation capacity of the material itself and concurrently increasing the susceptibility to cracks. In addition, an effective solution for inhibiting solidification cracking was proposed by using an oscillating laser, and the inhibition mechanism was further discussed. Laser oscillating welding significantly promoted grain refinement, solute diffusion and the formation of uniformly distributed ε-Cu precipitated phases in welds. It can improve the intergranular bonding, reduce the susceptibility to solidification cracking and increase the resistance to plastic deformation. The tensile strength of joints using laser oscillating welding is 251 MPa, 35.7% more than 185 MPa using laser welding. Meanwhile, the strain of joints using laser oscillating welding is 3.69, a 96% increase compared to 1.88 using laser welding.

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An insight into microstructural heterogeneities formation between weld subregions of laser welded copper to stainless steel joints

Cited by 26 publications

References 38 publications

Wire-Feeding Laser Welding of Copper/Stainless Steel Using Different Filler Metals

Wire-Feeding Laser Welding of Copper/Stainless Steel Using Different Filler Metals

Experimental Characterization and Microstructural Evaluation of Silicon Bronze-Alloy Steel Bimetallic Structures by Additive Manufacturing

Formation Mechanism and Control of Solidification Cracking in Laser-Welded Joints of Steel/Copper Dissimilar Metals

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