An Insight Into the Distribution of Allele Frequency of ABO and Rh (D) Blood Grouping System Among Blood Donors in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Chengalpattu District of South India

Abstract

Introduction The distribution of ABO and Rh (D) blood groups and their allele frequencies vary from one population to another worldwide. The objective of the study is to estimate the distribution of ABO & Rh (D) blood groups among all the blood donors in a tertiary care hospital in Chengalpattu district of Tamilnadu in South India and to determine their allele frequencies. Methods This was a retrospective observational study carried out in the blood bank of Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre from January 2015 to December 2021. ABO and Rh (D) blood grouping of all the blood donors were carried out by tube agglutination method. Allele frequency of the blood group genes was calculated based on Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Results Out of total a of 7598 blood donors, 7576 (99.71%) were males and 22 (0.29%) were females. The most common blood group was O positive (37.67%) while AB negative (0.18%) was the least common blood group. The phenotypic frequency of blood group O (39.17%) was the highest and that of blood group AB (7.88%) was the least. A majority (95.96%) of the blood donors were Rh (D) positive. The allele frequencies of ABO and Rh (D) blood groups were 0.1628 for I A , 0.2177 for I B , 0.6259 for I O , 0.7991 for I D, and 0.2009 for I d . Conclusions The distribution of the two major blood group systems namely ABO and Rh (D) systems show considerable heterogeneity in different populations of the world. Information about allele frequencies of blood groups among different populations worldwide will help in framing policy decisions to face future challenges in healthcare services.

Distribution of ABO and Rhesus Blood Groups among the Blood Donors in a Teaching Hospital of Hilly Region, Nepal: A Cross-sectional Study

“…According to our findings, the Rh-positive blood group accounted for 97.7% of all cases. Rh-negative was only 2.2% in contrast to other studies which showed a range between 5-17%, except in Britain and United States of America, where data showed 15-17% Rh-D negative [15]. However, the findings are consistent with previous research from Tanzania and India, where the incidence of Rh-D negative blood group was 2.3% and 2-6%, respectively [5].…”

Distribution of ABO-Rh Blood Group System Among the Students at Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur, Pakistan

“…For instance, studies from India, Ethiopia, Libya, Turkey, and Namibia demonstrate varied distribution patterns, often influenced by the complex interplay of ethnicity and regional characteristics. In South India, the most common blood group was O positive, a stark contrast to the prevalence of group B in our study (11). Similarly, the Ethiopian population showed a predominance of blood group O, aligning more closely with the findings of our study (2).…”

“…In Western Europe, the distribution is 46% for type O, 42% for type A, 9% for type B, and 3% for type AB. A study in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria, involving 7,653 participants, revealed that 50% had blood type O, 22.9% type A, 21.3% type B, and 5.9% type AB (2,3,5,11). These variations underscore the influence of genetic and environmental factors on blood type distribution and necessitate localized studies to understand these dynamics better (12,13).…”

Phenotypic and Allelic Frequency of ABO and Rh (D) Blood Group among Whole Blood Donors in a Teaching Hospital of Chhattisgarh

“…In our study majority were males (99.4%). It is similar to several other studies conducted in different parts of India [3,8]. Some of the reasons behind less female donors include anemia, low weight, lack of motivation, and fear of blood donation.…”

“…We compared ABO & Rh (D) distribution across different states of India [3,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] ( The distribution of ABO blood group varies across neighbouring [21][22][23] & other countries [24][25][26][27][28] of the world as seen in Table 5. In India O & B phenotypes are common; whereas in America [27] & Europe [28] O & A phenotypes are common.…”