Abstract:This research was targeted to investigate the effect of oxygen plasma treated graphene nanosheets (tGNSs) on the thermal stability of benzoxazine resin and to have a further and deeper mechanistic understanding of thermal decomposition kinetics of such nanocomposites in 0.5, 1 and 3 wt% of tGNS. The samples were prepared as reported in our previous study. The quality of dispersion of tGNSs within benzoxazine was investigated by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique. Also, to … Show more
“…The effect of plasma treatment on thermal properties observed due to incorporation of oxygenated species on to the filler surface. Moreover, due to this newly formed functionalities, strong interfacial adhesion may happened resulted enhanced thermal stability 109 . Overall, noticeable changes obtained in thermal stability of PT samples may due to barrier impact of h‐BN.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Moreover, due to this newly formed functionalities, strong interfacial adhesion may happened resulted enhanced thermal stability. 109 Overall, noticeable changes obtained in thermal stability of PT samples may due to barrier impact of h-BN. Hence, modified nano blends with PT h-BN demonstrated high thermal stability than reported value 110 highly recommended for ESD applications.…”
Section: Thermal Stability Of Pvdf/psf/ H-bn Nano Blendsmentioning
In the present era electrostatic dissipation (ESD) property is crucial for packaged electronic device to protect from humidity over long duration. It was important to control the ESD for better integrated packaged electronic gadgets. Polymer blends and composites were modified with nano fillers as a promising area for ESD applications. In the present investigation, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/polysulfone (PSF) was modified by untreated (UT) and air plasma treated (PT) hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) by solution dispersion method. Spherulitic morphology of nano blends was foreseen through scanning electron microscopy. Surface topography was investigated by atomic force microscopy. Surface roughness was decreased due to plasma exposure. Phonon vibrations and Raman active mode of nano blends were confirmed by Raman spectroscopy mutually supporting ESD phenomenon. Increased electrical conductivity and semicircular impedance pattern of modified blends reveals an excellent ESD property disclosed by impedance spectroscopy. Moderate increased surface energy and decreased relative contact angle of modified blends may be due to the incorporation of polar groups during plasma exposure was confirmed by surface goniometer. Mechanical properties of nano blends were evaluated by universal testing machine. Increased 10–27% tensile strength and 34–55% Young's modulus of plasma treated admix composition. Softness of polymer nano blends was increased (20%) due to excellent interaction of filler and polymer host system were tested by Shore “A” durometer. Increased glass transition temperature (Tg = 16 and 30°C as function of treatment time) in view of thermal stability of modified nano blends were analyzed by thermogravimetric technique. Hence the PT h‐BN dispersed PVDF/PSF emerging polymer nano blends would be a choice for the new development for electrostatic dissipation applications.
“…The effect of plasma treatment on thermal properties observed due to incorporation of oxygenated species on to the filler surface. Moreover, due to this newly formed functionalities, strong interfacial adhesion may happened resulted enhanced thermal stability 109 . Overall, noticeable changes obtained in thermal stability of PT samples may due to barrier impact of h‐BN.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Moreover, due to this newly formed functionalities, strong interfacial adhesion may happened resulted enhanced thermal stability. 109 Overall, noticeable changes obtained in thermal stability of PT samples may due to barrier impact of h-BN. Hence, modified nano blends with PT h-BN demonstrated high thermal stability than reported value 110 highly recommended for ESD applications.…”
Section: Thermal Stability Of Pvdf/psf/ H-bn Nano Blendsmentioning
In the present era electrostatic dissipation (ESD) property is crucial for packaged electronic device to protect from humidity over long duration. It was important to control the ESD for better integrated packaged electronic gadgets. Polymer blends and composites were modified with nano fillers as a promising area for ESD applications. In the present investigation, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/polysulfone (PSF) was modified by untreated (UT) and air plasma treated (PT) hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) by solution dispersion method. Spherulitic morphology of nano blends was foreseen through scanning electron microscopy. Surface topography was investigated by atomic force microscopy. Surface roughness was decreased due to plasma exposure. Phonon vibrations and Raman active mode of nano blends were confirmed by Raman spectroscopy mutually supporting ESD phenomenon. Increased electrical conductivity and semicircular impedance pattern of modified blends reveals an excellent ESD property disclosed by impedance spectroscopy. Moderate increased surface energy and decreased relative contact angle of modified blends may be due to the incorporation of polar groups during plasma exposure was confirmed by surface goniometer. Mechanical properties of nano blends were evaluated by universal testing machine. Increased 10–27% tensile strength and 34–55% Young's modulus of plasma treated admix composition. Softness of polymer nano blends was increased (20%) due to excellent interaction of filler and polymer host system were tested by Shore “A” durometer. Increased glass transition temperature (Tg = 16 and 30°C as function of treatment time) in view of thermal stability of modified nano blends were analyzed by thermogravimetric technique. Hence the PT h‐BN dispersed PVDF/PSF emerging polymer nano blends would be a choice for the new development for electrostatic dissipation applications.
“…70,71 Furthermore, the prepared nanocomposites exhibit a high ability to absorb thermal energy (higher heat capacity), which is responsible for the matrix’s first thermal degradation temperatures shifting to much higher temperatures. 72,73 On the other hand, the enhancement in the char yields of the developed nanocomposites is due to the absence of EG degradation at 800°C, as shown in Figure 8(f).Figure 8.TGA curves of polybenzoxazine/EG nanocomposites.…”
The thermal, the electrical conductivity, and electromagnetic shielding properties of low cost high-performance expanded graphite (EG)-filled polybenzoxazine matrix nanocomposites produced by a solution blending and compression molding technique were investigated. At 2.26 vol.% EG, a percolation threshold was detected, at which the electrical conductivity increased by nine orders of magnitude in comparison to the unfilled matrix. The electrical conductivity values increased from 1.35 S.cm−1 to 28.3 S.cm−1 by increasing the EG ratios in the nanocomposites from 7 wt.% and 15 wt.%. In addition, the morphological analysis results revealed good nanofiller dispersion and the formation of 3D-conductive pathways of EG into the polybenzoxazine matrix, which are responsible for the electrical conductivity improvement. Moreover, the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding efficiencies, in the X-band, of these nanocomposites have been significantly improved, reaching 57.2 dB at a 15 wt.% EG ratio. Furthermore, the inclusion of EG nanofiller significantly improved the thermal properties of the nanocomposites in terms of first degradation temperatures, char yields, and thermal conductivities. Because of these exceptional properties, these nanocomposites are ideal for high thermal EMI shielding applications.
“…They came to the conclusion that the rate‐controlling process during the final decomposition stage of pure PBZ, with adequate char formation, or for all phases of densely filled nano‐SiO 2 PBZ composites, is diffusion. Furthermore, Karblaei‐Bagher et al 24 examined how oxygen plasma treated graphene nano‐sheets (tGNS) affected the thermal stability of benzoxazine resin. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of 1 wt% tGNS increased PBZ char formation by approximately 7 wt%.…”
In this study, the impact of octaphenyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) on the thermal stability of polybenzoxazine resin at 1, 3, and 5 wt% POSS loading through dynamic thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at heating rates of 10, 20, 30 and 40°C min−1 was investigated. Besides, the decomposition kinetics of polybenzoxazine resin (PBZ) and various nanocomposites were studied using Kissinger, Friedman, Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa (FWO) and Coats‐Redfern (CR) models and also, the activation energies of samples were calculated. At first, benzoxazine monomer was synthesized and then nanocomposites were prepared via solution mixing method. The qualitative dispersion of nanoparticles in benzoxazine resin was examined through the utilization of scanning electron microscopy and x‐ray diffraction experiments. The results showed that the addition of nanoparticles improved the thermal stability of PBZ resin specially at 1 wt% POSS loading and at higher POSS content the thermal stability of the resin decreased. As determined by TGA, the char yield of resin was enhanced by 2.6% upon the addition of 1 wt% nanoparticles. In addition, in 1 weight percent of nanoparticles, as the heating rate rose from 10 to 40°C min−1, the Integral Program Decomposition Temperature (IPDT) has increased by about 260°C, and this increase is about 183°C compared to the resin, and also elevating the heating rate, Td (5%) and Td (10%) weight loss of samples shifted to higher temperatures. The degradation mechanism of the resin and nanocomposites was evaluated through Kissinger, Friedman, FWO and CR models. The results displayed that the addition of 1 wt% nanoparticles increased the activation energy (Ea) values of the nanocomposites compared to that of neat resin and above this filler content, the Ea values decreased. The findings derived from the FWO model indicated that the inclusion of a 1 wt% filler raised the Ea values of the first and second stages of PBZ resin decomposition from 136–200 and 151–214 kJ mol−1 to 148–210 and 180–228 kJ mol−1, respectively.
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