An integrated approach of managing Conopomorpha cramerella Snellen: Application of plant extracts in a push-pull system

Abstract

The push-pull strategy plays a vital role in management of pests in tropical agriculture. Extracts from two local plants, marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) and ginger (Zingiber officinale R.) were investigated for their potential to manage infestation of Cocoa pod borer (Conopomorpha cramerella S.). Bean weight under ginger extract in block 1 was relatively low (p<0.05, 65.13 ±6.65, σ =49.29) while highest in block 2 (p<0.05, 110.45±11.61, σ =73.41). Damage score under ginger extract in block 1 was relatively low (p<0.05, 1.49±0.19, σ =1.37). Control treatment produced the highest number of entry holes under block 2 (p<0.05, 8.38±0.73, σ =4.89). There was a positive correlation between bean damage and bean weight under ginger extract treatment (p<0.05, r= 0.42). Marigold extract produced non-significant results for all response variables (p>0.05). The findings from this study rectify that ginger (Z. officinale) extract was effective in managing C. cramerella infestation in cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) through push strategy. Marigold (T. erecta) extract did not reduce the impact of C. cramerella therefore it was recommended for planting as intercrop rather than applying as extract.

Field Application of Ethanolic and Aqueous Chili Extracts to Control Diamondback Moth (Plutella Xylostella L.) in Cabbage (Brassica Oleracea Var. Capitata L.)

“…Most active phytochemicals of plant extracts are prone to accelerated degradation under field conditions (Koch & Lawson, 1996). Botanicals extracted through ethanol can be affected by environmental factors such as rain, temperature, and humidity (Iamba & Masu, 2020).…”

“…A variety of plant extracts originating from different plant families have been studied for their efficacy to reduce pest pressure. Most of these plants containing insecticidal properties can be sourced locally and thus are readily available to local farmers (Iamba & Masu, 2020;Iamba & Waiviro, 2021) (Amoabeng et al, 2013;Belmain & Stevenson, 2001;Fening et al, 2011;Obeng-Ofori & Ankrah, 2002;Owusu, 2000). Extracts derived from leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds of insecticidal plants have shown ovipositional deterrence, feeding reduction, and larval mortality of P. xylostella on treated cabbage leaves (Abbasipour, Mahmoudvand, Rastegar, & Basij, 2010;Charleston, Kfir, Dicke, & Vet, 2005;Chen, Chang, Hou, & Cheng, 1996;Shin-Foon & Yu-Tong, 1993).…”

Utilizing local plant extracts to control Diamondback moth in round cabbage

“…Due to bad reputation of synthetic insecticides, focus in controlling DBM has shifted from chemical to botanical pesticides that repels feeding or deters oviposition (Coulibaly et al 2002) [12] . Many local spice plants have insecticidal properties and can be extracted with low-cost tactics to manage pests (Iamba & Masu 2020) [20] . Plant extracts are applied to deter gravid females, reduce herbivory and increase larval mortality of DBM in cabbage plants (Shin-Foon & Yu-Tong 1993; Chen et al 1996;Charleston et al 2005; Abbasipour et al 2010) [50,10,1,11] .…”