An Integrated Approach to Cultivar Evaluation and Selection for Imporving Suger Beet Profitability: <i>A Successful Case Study for the Central High Plains</i>

Harveson, Robert M.; Hein, Gary L.; Smith, John A.; Wilson, R. G.; Yonts, C. Dean

doi:10.1094/pdis.2002.86.3.192

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The determination of pathogen predominance in fields was accomplished while destructively sampling plants for disease assessment. Although the exact number of beets infected by a specific pathogen was not documented, estimation of pathogen predominance in fields was based on observing diagnostic root symptoms described earlier (10,11,22) while removing infected plants from disease count rows.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although fully described elsewhere (10,11,22), diagnostic root symptoms will be briefly reviewed here for reader convenience. Rhizomania is recognized primarily by a severely stunted taproot with excessive proliferation of secondary rootlets, giving the root a "bearded" appearance.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As disease progresses, root lesions turn black with a yellowish-brown interior, followed by disintegration of root cortical tissues, leaving only vascular strands intact. Finally, root diseases caused by Fusarium are identified by the presence of dark brown, necrotic vascular elements, which readily stand out against the white background of the beet taproot (10,11,22).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Irrigation Frequency and Cultivar Blends on the Severity of Multiple Root Diseases in Sugar Beets

Harveson

Rush

2002

Plant Disease

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The effects of cultivar mixtures and two irrigation frequency treatments were evaluated over two seasons for their impact on a complex of sugar beet root diseases in three fields infested with the fungal pathogens Aphanomyces cochliodes, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-betae, Rhizoctonia solani, and the viral pathogen Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV). Irrigations after emergence consisted of two or five (two 1994 studies) and three or six (1995 study) applications of water for dry and wet treatments, respectively. Cultivar treatments included MH9155, HH67, Ranger, Rhizosen, and four combinations of these same cultivars. Disease progress was monitored through destructive sampling of plants exhibiting foliar symptoms typical of root disease during the season. At harvest, data on root and sucrose yields, sucrose percentage, and a root disease index were collected. No significant irrigation × cultivar treatment interactions were observed. Few significant differences were observed between irrigation treatments involving measured yield components. Reduced irrigations however, resulted in significantly lower disease incidence in all three repeated experiments when cultivar treatments were combined. No added benefits were observed for increasing yield or decreasing root disease by planting mixed cultivars, compared to the same cultivars planted individually. Several regionally adapted cultivars performed as well or better than mixtures under the unusually high levels of disease pressure in test fields. When few alternative options are available, sugar beet growers may still benefit from reducing irrigations, and growing locally adapted cultivars in soils severely infested with root pathogens.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Irrigation Frequency and Cultivar Blends on the Severity of Multiple Root Diseases in Sugar Beets

Harveson

Rush

2002

Plant Disease

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“…were also readily identified from the index tests (from more than 40% of samples), yet this pathogen has not traditionally been considered an important factor in yield losses in most areas of Nebraska, Colorado, or Wyoming. Pythium root rot is seen infrequently in this area but, when it does occur, the species most commonly identified is Pythium aphanidermatum, after soil temperatures increase in midsummer (6,10). It is unknown which or how many species may be involved with infecting seedlings in the index tests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…solani, the pathogen that causes Rhizoctonia root and crown rot of sugar beet, has been present in this region for many years (10,11,16,19,20). This disease is well known by industry personnel and is currently considered the most widespread and consistently damaging sugar beet disease in this area (6,10). It appears throughout the growing season and has been documented to result in yield losses as high as 50% in Nebraska (11).…”

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confidence: 99%

Utilizing a Preplant Soil Test for Predicting and Estimating Root Rot Severity in Sugar Beet in the Central High Plains of the United States

2014

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Aphanomyces cochlioides and Rhizoctonia solani are important soilborne pathogens causing root diseases that are primary constraints to sugar beet production in Nebraska, Colorado, and Wyoming. These types of diseases are difficult to control because they are often not noticed until substantial damage has already occurred. Efforts to manage them would be more effective if techniques were available that were more predictive than reactive. Therefore, a preplant soil test was developed to estimate the relative pathogen populations in the soil and to predict potential root disease problems later in the growing season. Preplant soil samples collected from fields to be sown with sugar beet were planted with a susceptible cultivar and tests were conducted for 1 month in the greenhouse. A preplant disease index was developed based on the time period during the test that seedlings became infected and was calculated on a 0-to-100 scale. Disease index values were compared with yields obtained from the same fields after harvest. Analysis of data collected for 5 years (2003 to 2007) with analysis of covariance revealed a strong relationship between the preplant disease index values and recoverable sucrose and root yields but not sucrose concentration. Results indicated that, for each unit increase in the preplant disease index, root yield decreased by 0.27 metric tons (270 kg) per hectare (P < 0.05, R2 = 0.44) and recoverable sucrose decreased by 49 kg/ha (P < 0.05, R2 = 0.45). We concluded that this preplant soil test can accurately predict root disease potential due to R. solani and A. cochlioides, and has the potential to help producers make effective management decisions in production fields using the index procedure. This soil assay has additionally provided new information on the biology, incidence, and distribution of root pathogens in production fields throughout the Central High Plains.

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Development of a field biotest using artificial inoculation to evaluate resistance and yield effects in sugar beet cultivars against Cercospora beticola

Kaiser¹,

Varrelmann²

2008

Eur J Plant Pathol

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Cercospora beticola resistance and disease yield loss relationships in sugar beet cultivars are best characterised under field conditions with heavy natural infection; this does not occur regularly under German climatic conditions. Since Cercospora resistance reduces the rate of pathogen development, high yield loss was observed in studies using artificial inoculation. Our study, therefore aimed to optimise inoculum density to obtain cultivar differentiation, which correlates to natural infection. In 2005 and 2006, field trials were carried out to determine the effect of different inoculum densities on Cercospora resistance of three sugar beet cultivars possessing variable resistance. The epidemic progress and white sugar yield loss (WSY loss ) were determined and their relationship evaluated. An optimal inoculum concentration range (between 10,000-20,000 infectious Cercospora units ml −1 inoculum suspension) was determined which allowed maximum resistance parameter differentiation in terms of C. beticola disease severity (DS), area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) and WSY loss . The correlation between AUDPC and WSY loss was identical for all cultivars independent of the resistance level, demonstrating that tolerant reactions of the cultivars under study were not detectable. This study provides evidence that even under optimal inoculum levels necessary to obtain maximum differentiation between cultivars, climatic conditions are important for disease management, but remain unpredictable, indicating that artificial inoculation needs to be optimised, but that single field locations are not sufficient and reliable to evaluate Cercospora resistance.

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An Integrated Approach to Cultivar Evaluation and Selection for Imporving Suger Beet Profitability: A Successful Case Study for the Central High Plains

Cited by 19 publications

References 30 publications

The Influence of Irrigation Frequency and Cultivar Blends on the Severity of Multiple Root Diseases in Sugar Beets

The Influence of Irrigation Frequency and Cultivar Blends on the Severity of Multiple Root Diseases in Sugar Beets

Utilizing a Preplant Soil Test for Predicting and Estimating Root Rot Severity in Sugar Beet in the Central High Plains of the United States

Development of a field biotest using artificial inoculation to evaluate resistance and yield effects in sugar beet cultivars against Cercospora beticola

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