Development of a field biotest using artificial inoculation to evaluate resistance and yield effects in sugar beet cultivars against Cercospora beticola

Kaiser, Ulrike; Varrelmann, Mark

doi:10.1007/s10658-008-9412-0

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In the present study, both DS end and yield loss in dataset 1 varied among the tested varieties indicating varying susceptibility to CLS. This effect was more distinct under high than under low CLS infection confirming the demand for high infection levels for variety characterization ( Kaiser and Varrelmann, 2009 ). The connection of DS end and yield loss was proven at both levels of infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

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New Generation of Resistant Sugar Beet Varieties for Advanced Integrated Management of Cercospora Leaf Spot in Central Europe

et al. 2018

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Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) epidemics in sugar beet have been increasing in recent years causing higher use of fungicides. Concomitantly, the availability of effective fungicides is at risk because of resistance development in the fungus, the lack of new active ingredients as well as restrictive approval practices. A key option for an integrated management of CLS is cultivation of resistant varieties. Because of the yield penalty in resistant varieties, acceptance in commercial practice so far has been low. The aim of our study was to characterize recent sugar beet varieties registered in Germany in terms of resistance and tolerance to CLS and their value for integrated pest management. The genetic basis of CLS resistance in varieties is protected by intellectual property rights even after variety registration and not open to the public due to economic competition. To gain reliable data for cultivation, varieties have to be tested for their resistance traits under field conditions at varying levels of infection with Cercospora beticola. In collaboration with variety related stakeholders, 15 sugar beet varieties were tested in 49 field trials in Germany from 2014 to 2016 for their yield response to CLS. The trials were set up in a split-plot design with and without infection (i.e., with and without fungicide). The classification of varietal reaction to CLS is based on symptomatic leaf area (susceptibility) and the resulting relative yield loss (tolerance). Since the relation between both parameters varied among varieties, it was used as an additional parameter to describe tolerance. On this basis, three groups of varieties were identified. They can be characterized as a susceptible, a resistant and a presumably tolerant cluster. A comparison of the data with an older dataset originating from 2009 to 2011 revealed that yield performance of recent varieties with resistance to C. beticola caught up with susceptible varieties due to breeding progress. They showed no yield penalty in the absence of the disease and better economic performance than susceptible varieties. It is assumed that these varieties will allow a substantial reduction of fungicide use for an advanced integrated pest management under central European conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Heavy CLS infection is necessary to identify resistant varieties, but it does not occur regularly under German climatic conditions ( Kaiser and Varrelmann, 2009 ). Due to the high number of field trials in our study, the whole scale of DS of CLS was covered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Generation of Resistant Sugar Beet Varieties for Advanced Integrated Management of Cercospora Leaf Spot in Central Europe

et al. 2018

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“…The isolates were collected from sugar beet fields in Europe infested with C. beticola . Additionally three strains, two from the US (2012) 27 and one isolate from Germany (2008) 30 were chosen as reference isolates. The resistant and susceptible isolates from the US were used to compare the reaction and resistance towards DMIs to the European isolates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of 54 isolates were isolated from the leaves and cultivated on Potato Extract Glucose Agar (PDA, Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany) or V8 agar (vegetable 8 juice with water 1:1, 7.5 g agar l −1 medium, pH 5.8). Additionally isolates 9–32, 27 10–73‐4 27 and Hevensen 30 were used as references from US and Europe. Isolates 9‐32 and 10‐72‐4 were kindly provided by Melvin Bolton (NDSU).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for the association of target‐site resistance in cyp51 with reduced DMI sensitivity in EuropeanCercospora beticola field isolates

Muellender¹,

Mahlein²,

Stammler³

et al. 2020

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Cercospora leaf spot caused by Cercospora beticola is the most relevant foliar disease in sugar beet cultivation. In the last decade a decreasing sensitivity of C. beticola towards demethylation inhibitors (DMIs) occurred. Different mechanisms mediating a reduced sensitivity towards DMIs have been identified in different plant pathogens to date, such as target site mutations, over‐expression or active excretion of the fungicide. RESULTS A sequencing of the cytochrome P450‐dependent sterol 14α‐demethylase gene sequence (cyp51) of diverse C. beticola isolates collected in different European countries with reduced DMI sensitivity was performed in order to find a possible correlation of mutations with higher EC50 values. The amino acid alterations Y464S, L144F and I309T combined with L144F were found to be associated with a reduced sensitivity. Furthermore, mutations I387M, M145W and M145W with E460Q were found uniquely. Additionally, constitutive and fungicide triggered expression of cyp51 was assayed by means of RT‐qPCR. A very strong induction of cyp51 mRNA expression in sensitive isolates suggests that the fungal cells upregulate expression to maintain ergosterol biosynthesis in DMI presence. The less intensive cyp51 induction in isolates with higher EC50 values underlines the possible correlation of the found target‐site mutations with reduced sensitivity. CONCLUSION This study provides new results about possible alterations in the target gene mediating reduced sensitivity of C. beticola towards DMIs and hypothesized a fungicide induced over‐expression of the target enzyme CYP51 as natural reaction of the fungus to fungicide application. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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Timing of fungicide application against Cercospora leaf spot disease based on aerial spore dispersal of Cercospora beticola in sugar beet

Liebe

Imbusch

Erven³

et al. 2023

J Plant Dis Prot

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Cercospora leaf spot is an important foliar disease in sugar beet caused by Cercospora beticola. Tolerant cultivars are available, but application of fungicides is still mandatory for disease control. The timing of the fungicide application is crucial as it determines the outcome of disease epidemiology. A disease incidence (DI) of 5% is widely used as a threshold for fungicide application. Recently a method was developed that allows the quantification of aerial spore dispersal of C. beticola for measuring spore flight intensity. It was aimed in this study to prove if fungicide application based on spore flight might improve disease control compared to DI. In a field trial with artificial inoculation, a single fungicide application at the onset of spore flight slowed down disease development as indicated by reduced disease severity and aerial spore dispersal. However, it did not provide sufficient control in terms of sugar yield. Only a second fungicide application based on spore flight detection achieved an efficacy similar to two fungicide applications based on DI. In contrast, a single fungicide application based either on spore flight or DI was sufficient in two on-farm trials under natural infection with moderate disease pressure. This highlights the necessity of an early timed first fungicide application followed by a second application under high disease pressure induced by artificial inoculation. Although fungicide application based on spore flight achieved sufficient control success in on-farm trials, it seems not to improve disease control compared to the usage of DI as threshold.

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Development of a field biotest using artificial inoculation to evaluate resistance and yield effects in sugar beet cultivars against Cercospora beticola

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

New Generation of Resistant Sugar Beet Varieties for Advanced Integrated Management of Cercospora Leaf Spot in Central Europe

New Generation of Resistant Sugar Beet Varieties for Advanced Integrated Management of Cercospora Leaf Spot in Central Europe

Evidence for the association of target‐site resistance in cyp51 with reduced DMI sensitivity in EuropeanCercospora beticola field isolates

Timing of fungicide application against Cercospora leaf spot disease based on aerial spore dispersal of Cercospora beticola in sugar beet

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