An integrated approach to estimate the mixing ratios in a karst system under different hydrogeological conditions

Peely, Ahmad Behrouj; Mohammadi, Zargam; Scheiber, Laura; Vàzquez-Suñé, Enric

doi:10.1016/j.ejrh.2020.100693

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 33 publications

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“…This is due to chemical reactions that occur in groundwater. To overcome this problem, conservative tracers may be used [ 57 , 58 ]. In the present case study, chloride (Cl) is considered a conservative tracer, and it was used for the assessment of the mixing rate (Rmix) [ 44 , 59 ] between freshwater and seawater.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers Using Multivariate Statistical Analyses and Hydrochemical Facies Evolution-Based Model

Hajji

Allouche

Bouri

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Groundwater (GW) studies have been conducted worldwide with regard to several pressures, including climate change, seawater intrusion, and water overexploitation. GW quality is a very important sector for several countries in the world, in particular for Tunisia. The shallow coastal aquifer of Sfax (located in Tunisia) was found to be under the combined conditions of continuous drop in GW and further deterioration of the groundwater quality (GWQ). This study was conducted to identify the processes that control GWQ mainly in relation to mineralization sources in the shallow Sfax coastal aquifer. To perform this task, 37 wells are considered. Data include 10 physico-chemical properties of groundwater analyzed in water samples: pH, EC, calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), sulfate (SO4), bicarbonate (HCO3), and nitrate (NO3), i.e., investigation was based on a database of 370 observations. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hydrochemical facies evolution (HFE) were conducted to extract the main factors affecting GW chemistry. The results obtained using the PCA model show that GWQ is mainly controlled by either natural factors (rock–water interactions) or anthropogenic ones (agricultural and domestic activities). Indeed, the GW overexploitation generated not only the GWQ degradation but also the SWI. The inverse distance weighted (IDW) method, integrated in a geographic information system (GIS), is employed to achieve spatial mapping of seawater intrusion locations. Hydrochemical facies evolution (HFE) results corroborate the seawater intrusion and its spatial distribution. Furthermore, the mixing ratio showed that Jebeniana and Chaffar–Mahares localities are characterized by high SWI hazard. This research should be done to better manage GW resources and help to develop a suitable plan for the exploitation and protection of water resources.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers Using Multivariate Statistical Analyses and Hydrochemical Facies Evolution-Based Model

Hajji

Allouche

Bouri

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Epikarst Controls of Runoff Composition in Subterranean Stream After Rainstorm Events

Zhao,

Zhou,

Huang

et al. 2024

Hydrological Processes

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Epikarst plays a critical role in karst water circulation, however, its studies have often been limited to small springs or basins, ignoring its importance in larger, highly karstified subterranean streams. This study focused on the Longlingong (LLG) subterranean stream system, where the discharge and electrical conductivity (EC) of the subterranean stream outlet for 2.5 years, and found that 85% of all rainstorm events monitored during this period showed a pattern of increasing and then decreasing EC. High‐resolution hydrochemistry monitoring was conducted at the outlet during a rainstorm event when this response pattern occurred. Simultaneously, epikarst water (EW), saturated zone fissure karst water (FW), and surface water (PW) from this system were collected as three recharge sources for hydrochemical analyses based on the results of the field investigations, and end‐member mixing analyses were performed using the EMMA‐MIX model. These combined methods can accurately characterise the response of the subterranean stream system to rainstorm events, assess the contribution and response of individual recharge sources throughout the rainstorm, and reveal the mechanisms involved. The results indicate that the increase in EC is primarily driven by changes in HCO3− concentration resulting from the rapid discharge of EW through sinkholes and shafts. EW contributes 28.7% of the rain‐induced subterranean stream runoff, exceeding FW. The epikarst exhibits a rapid response to rainstorms, as evidenced by a remarkable 681% increase in EW discharge following a rainstorm event. Flood peaks in the subterranean stream are mainly composed of PW (44%) and EW (43.6%). This study highlights the key role of the epikarst as a karst groundwater reservoir. The sensitivity of the epikarst to rainstorms, particularly its role in facilitating rapid piston‐like migration of EW during initial runoff, highlights its significant influence on discharge and hydrochemistry. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the function of epikarst within highly karstified subterranean streams.

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Hydrochemical apportioning of irrigation groundwater sources in an alluvial aquifer

Scheiber

Cendón

Iverach

et al. 2020

Science of The Total Environment

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An integrated approach to estimate the mixing ratios in a karst system under different hydrogeological conditions

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

Assessment of Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers Using Multivariate Statistical Analyses and Hydrochemical Facies Evolution-Based Model

Assessment of Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers Using Multivariate Statistical Analyses and Hydrochemical Facies Evolution-Based Model

Epikarst Controls of Runoff Composition in Subterranean Stream After Rainstorm Events

Hydrochemical apportioning of irrigation groundwater sources in an alluvial aquifer

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