“…Current research on communication models in foreign language learning focuses on the investigation of pragmatic competence within the communicative competence and their impact on the appropriateness of the choice of linguistic and non-linguistic indicators in communication (e.g., Huang, 2019 ; Glaser and Limberg, 2020 ; Yan, 2022 ), on the influence of the mother tongue communication patterns on the communication style in a foreign language (e.g., Fernández and Cairns, 2017 ), on the influence of the sociocultural environment on pragmalinguistic competence (e.g., Mao, 2021 ; Mao and He, 2021 ), on transcultural communication through the media and cultural proximity (e.g., Schulz et al, 2023 ), on language modeling through ICT (e.g., Verbeke et al, 2017 ), and on the dynamics of creating models of students’ thinking in a foreign language with regard to the social environment, social motivation, and experience with the culture of the foreign language (e.g., Gehlbach et al, 2016 ; Kroll and Dussias, 2017 ; Mao and He, 2021 ).…”