An Integrated Bulk and Surface Modification Strategy for Gas‐Quenched Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiencies Exceeding 22%

Abstract

Inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) prepared by the antisolvent method have achieved power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of over 23%, but they are not ideal for device upscaling. In contrast, gas‐quenched PSCs offer great potential for upscaling, but their performance still lags behind. Herein, the gas‐quenched films through both surface and bulk modifications are upgraded. First, a novel surface modifier, benzylammonium thiocyanate, is found to allow remarkably improved surface properties, but the PCE gain is limited by the existence of longitudinally multiple grains. Thus, methylammonium chloride additive as a second modifier to realize monolithic grains is further utilized. Such an integrated strategy enables the average open‐circuit voltage of the gas‐quenched PSCs to increase from 1.08 to 1.15 V, leading to a champion PCE of 22.3%. Moreover, the unencapsulated device shows negligible degradation after 150 h of maximum power point operation under simulated 1 sun illumination in N2.

Unraveling Interface-Driven and Loss Mechanism-Centric Phenomena in 3D/2D Halide Perovskites: Prospects for Optoelectronic Applications

“…Alongside orientation detection, another critical aspect of GIWAXS lies in revealing the byproducts (impurity, unreacted material, etc.) formed, which sometimes cannot be detected by simple XRD characterization. , With such advancements in in-situ and depth-controlled measurement, these could be highly beneficial to understanding the dynamics and chemical processes occurring at the 3D/2D interfaces.…”

Minimizing the Interface-Driven Losses in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules

“…Excellent thermal stability at 85 °C is also demonstrated, with about 88% retained after ∼1850 h of aging under a N 2 atmosphere. It is worth noting that, to date, most of the high-performance PSCs have been processed using the antisolvent approach for perovskite deposition, ,,, while in this work we use a scalable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly N 2 gas quenching with great potential for scale-up . With this dual interface optimization strategy, reproducible perovskite mini-modules can be obtained with a maximum PCE of 22.6% and a remarkably high fill factor (FF) of 82.4% on an active area of 3.63 cm 2 .…”

“…It is worth noting that, to date, most of the high-performance PSCs have been processed using the antisolvent approach for perovskite deposition, 16,22,25,26 while in this work we use a scalable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly N 2 gas quenching with great potential for scale-up. 32 With this dual interface optimization strategy, reproducible perovskite minimodules can be obtained with a maximum PCE of 22.6% and a remarkably high fill factor (FF) of 82.4% on an active area of 3.63 cm 2 . In addition, dual interface modulations have been proven beneficial for various perovskite compositions deposited by different processing methods on different HTLs, indicating their effectiveness for different perovskite compositions and device stacks.…”

Scalable Lead Acetate-Based Perovskite Thin Films Prepared via Controlled Nucleation and Growth under Near Ambient Conditions

“…In the one-step method, the precursor salts are dissolved individually in one common solvent, mixed, and deposited as one solution, for example, by spin coating or dip coating . To promote nucleation and growth of the perovskite crystals, different quenching methods can be used to quickly remove the solvent to create supersaturation of the perovskite precursors, including antisolvent quenching and gas quenching . Alternatively, the active layer can be deposited in two steps, where first the precursor layer is fabricated either by spin coating or dip coating and dried afterward.…”