In the current competitive market environment, both enterprises and academia attach great importance to the research of financial performance evaluation. The quality of financial performance directly affects the sustainable development of enterprises. With the deepening of enterprise management concept, enterprises pay more attention to the use of financial performance evaluation analysis to promote the sound development of the whole enterprise. In order to understand the development status and development trend of enterprises and improve the efficiency of enterprise management, it is of great significance to establish a scientific and professional financial performance evaluation model for the sustainable development of enterprises. In this paper, based on FCM clustering algorithm, a fuzzy decision model is established. Combined with the factors affecting the financial performance of enterprises, the corresponding indicators are selected from the four aspects of profitability, operation ability, debt paying ability, and development ability to construct the financial performance evaluation system, and the comprehensive fuzzy evaluation model is constructed according to the financial evaluation system. This paper selects listed companies as the research object to evaluate and analyze the performance of enterprises. The results show that the overall performance of listed companies is not ideal and solvency, operation ability, and development ability need to be enhanced. Finally, in view of the problems existing in the listed enterprises, this paper puts forward the following countermeasures: implement cost assessment and pay attention to cost analysis to strengthen cost control; strengthen the cooperation between industrial chain enterprises and R&D departments; and pay attention to the use of talents and improve the ability of independent innovation.