An integrated portable system for single chip simultaneous measurement of multiple disease associated metabolites

Abstract

Metabolites, the small molecules that underpin life, can act as indicators of the physiological state of the body when their abundance varies, offering routes to diagnosis of many diseases. The ability to assay for multiple metabolites simultaneously will underpin a new generation of precision diagnostic tools. Here, we report the development of a handheld device based on complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology with multiple isolated micro-well reaction zones and integrated optical sensing allowing simultaneous enzyme-based assays of multiple metabolites (choline, xanthine, sarcosine and cholesterol) associated with multiple diseases. These metabolites were measured in clinically relevant concentration range with minimum concentrations measured: 25 μM for choline, 100 μM for xanthine, 1.25 μM for sarcosine and 50 μM for cholesterol. Linking the device to an Android-based user interface allows for quantification of metabolites in serum and urine within 2 min of applying samples to the device. The quantitative performance of the device was validated by comparison to accredited tests for cholesterol and glucose.

The Multicorder: A Handheld Multimodal Metabolomics-on-CMOS Sensing Platform

“…SPR measurements have also been demonstrated on the same platform in related works [28,29]. Multimode multiplexing and simultaneous assays have also been achieved [32,35,36]. Altogether, the chip demonstrated to be suitable for four different sensing techniques to be used independently or simultaneously.…”

“…In [35], we demonstrated that the Multicorder platform can operate both colorimetric and pH sensing to simultaneously quantify glucose and cholesterol. In [32], we also demonstrate that physical separations fabricated on top of the sensing area enable the use of the Multicorder for simultaneous enzymebased assays of multiple metabolites. Multiplexing immunoassays on the top of the Multicorder chip have also been demonstrated [36].…”

“…the control. Choline, xanthine and sarcosine have also been quantified with this technique on the same platform and reported into related works [32].…”

Can metabolic profiling provide a new description of osteoarthritis and enable a personalised medicine approach?

“…Handheld engineering solutions are now capable of sampling organic metabolites. Microchip technology allows multiple metabolite analysis and a coded result with the potential for robust, affordable and non-invasive testing [ 49 ]. In OA, these technologies could enable cost-effective early detection in asymptomatic individuals and sub-stratification in symptomatic individuals.…”

Simultaneous Refractive Index Sensing Using an Array of Suspended Porous Silicon Membranes

“…The expanding capabilities of these sensors require faster and more complex sensing platforms, able to address each sensing spot individually. Traditional optical setups consisting of an optical source and a spectrum analyzer are being replaced with digital cameras that record all signals simultaneously or scanners that interrogate each transducer sequentially [34][35][36]. Some other solutions include multiple wavelength interrogation or exploiting plasmonic and fluorescent properties [37,38].…”