An integrated silicon photonic chip platform for continuous-variable quantum key distribution

Zhang, Gong; Haw, Jing Yan; Cai, Hong; Xu, Feihu; Assad, Syed M.; Fitzsimons, Joseph F.; Zhou, Xiaoqi; Zhang, Y.; Yu, Song; Wu, Jian; Ser, Wee; Kwek, Leong Chuan; Liu, Ai Qun

doi:10.1038/s41566-019-0504-5

Cited by 275 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…We note that, the dispersion caused by a 100-km-long fiber is about 220 ps, which has no effect on a QKD system with a repetition rate of 10 MHz. As a result, it is valid to use an attenuator to simulate the fiber and such approach has been widely used in other works [13,14,18,21].…”

Section: Chip-based Proof-of-principle Qkdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, integrated photonic technology comes into play in QKD research, and a series of photonic chips designed for QKD applications have been fabricated and used to realize various chip-based QKD experiments, such as coherent one-way QKD [13,14], highdimension QKD with multicore fiber [15], measurementdevice-independent QKD [16], pass-block QKD [17] and continuous-variable QKD [18]. In these chip-based experiments, different encodings are employed, including polarization [13,19,20], path [15], time-bin [13,14,21] and quadrature [18]. By integrating the optical components of QKD system on a photonic chip, the stability of the QKD system is improved, and its cost may be largely reduced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photonic integrated quantum key distribution receiver for multiple users

Kong

et al. 2020

Opt. Express

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Integrated photonics has the advantages of miniaturization, low cost, and CMOS compatibility, and it provides a stable, highly integrated, and practical platform for quantum key distribution (QKD). While photonic integration of optical components has greatly reduced the overall cost of QKD systems, single-photon detectors (SPDs) have become the most expensive part of a practical QKD system. In order to circumvent this obstacle and make full use of SPDs, we have designed and fabricated a QKD receiver chip for multiple users. Our chip is based on time-division multiplexing technique and makes use of a single set of SPDs to support up to four users QKD. Our proof-ofprinciple chip-based QKD system is capable of producing an average secret key rate of 13.68 kbps for four users with a quantum bit error rate (QBER) as low as 0.51% over a simulated distance of 20 km in fiber. Our result clearly demonstrates the feasibility of multiplexing SPDs for setting QKD channels with different users using photonic integrated chip and may find applications in the commercialization of quantum communication technology.

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Section: Chip-based Proof-of-principle Qkdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photonic integrated quantum key distribution receiver for multiple users

Kong

et al. 2020

Opt. Express

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“…Ultra-high Q resonators play a critical role across a wide range of applications including ultranarrow linewidth lasers [1][2][3] , optical frequency combs [4][5][6] , optical gyroscopes 7 , optical atomic clocks 8 and quantum communications and computation [9][10][11][12][13] . These resonators, typically used for laser linewidth narrowing and frequency stabilization, have been relegated to benchtop and bulk-optic implementations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

422 Million Q Planar Integrated All-Waveguide Resonator with a 3.4 Billion Absorption Limited Q, Sub-MHz Linewidth and 3005 Finesse

Puckett

Liu

Chauhan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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High Q optical resonators that are a key component for ultra-narrow linewidth lasers, frequency stabilization, precision spectroscopy and quantum applications. Integration of these resonators in a photonic waveguide wafer-scale platform is key to reducing their cost, size and power as well as sensitivity to environmental disturbances. However, to date, the intrinsic Q of integrated all-waveguide resonators has been relegated to below 150 Million for a non-etched waveguide resonator and 230 Million for a waveguide-coupled etched silica microresonator. Here, we report an all-waveguide Si3N4 resonator with an intrinsic Q of 422 Million and a 3.4 Billion absorption loss limited Q. The resonator linewidth measures at 453 kHz intrinsic linewidth, 906 kHz loaded linewidth with finesse of 3005. The corresponding linear loss of 0.060 dB/m is the lowest reported to date for an all-waveguide design with deposited upper cladding oxide. These are the highest intrinsic and absorption loss limited Q factors and lowest linewidth reported to date for a photonic integrated all-waveguide resonator. This level of performance is achieved through a careful reduction of scattering and absorption loss components and redeposition of a thin nitride layer. We quantify, simulate and measure the various loss contributions including scattering and absorption and describe a surface-state dangling bond absorption that we believe is passivated by the redeposited layer. In addition to the ultra-high Q and narrow linewidth, the resonator has a large optical mode area and volume, both critical for ultra-low laser linewidths and ultra-stable, ultra-low frequency noise reference cavities. These results demonstrate the performance of bulk optic and etched resonators can be realized in a photonic integrated solution, paving the way towards photonic integration compatible Billion Q cavities for precision scientific systems and applications such as nonlinear optics, atomic clocks, quantum photonics and high-capacity fiber communications systems on-chip.

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“…Over the past decades, silicon photonics offer a more promising and attractive platform to address the growing demands for optical communications [1][2][3][4][5][6][7], microwave photonics [8][9][10] and quantum information applications [11][12][13][14], due to the unique advantages of compact footprint, low cost, low power consumption and compatibility with mature complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) processes. First, benefitting from the property of high index contrast, the silicon on insulator (SOI) platform enables us to design and realize ultracompact photonic integrated devices for large-scale and high-density integrated silicon photonic systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon-based multimode waveguide crossings

Chang

Zhang

2020

J. Phys. Photonics

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Mode multiplexing technique is a new promising option to increase the transmission capacity of on-chip optical interconnects. Multimode waveguide crossings are the key building blocks in high-density and large-scale mode division multiplexing silicon photonic integrated circuits. In this paper, we review the recent progresses on silicon-based multimode waveguide crossings. Firstly, a variety of multimode waveguide crossing schemes are demonstrated and introduced including conventional multimode interference coupler, Maxwell's fisheye lens and inverse-designed multimode interference coupler. Secondly, we also discuss some emerging applications of the inverse design algorithm in the multimode silicon devices to realize ultracompact footprint and multiple functionalities. Finally, we also give the outlook of the development prospects of on-chip multimode waveguide crossings.

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An integrated silicon photonic chip platform for continuous-variable quantum key distribution

Cited by 275 publications

References 34 publications

Photonic integrated quantum key distribution receiver for multiple users

Photonic integrated quantum key distribution receiver for multiple users

422 Million Q Planar Integrated All-Waveguide Resonator with a 3.4 Billion Absorption Limited Q, Sub-MHz Linewidth and 3005 Finesse

Silicon-based multimode waveguide crossings

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