“…Similarly, in the context of effluent/waste management, efforts have been directed towards modeling and estimation [129,130], monitoring [131,132], fault diagnosis [133,134], hybrid PI control [135], cascade control [136], data-driven control [137,138], fuzzy control [139], adaptive and robust control [140], nonlinear model-based feedback control [141], optimal control [142], linear MPC [143,144] and nonlinear MPC [145,146]. A hierarchical control strategy, motivated by the presence of multi-time-scale dynamics has also been implemented for a climate control [147] system and an integrated wastewater system [148].…”