An Integrative Approach to International Technology Transfer for Recycling Vietnam Coal Ash with Consideration of the Technological, Legal, and Network Perspectives

Hoang

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

Concentrations and congener profiles of seven di-to hexachlorinated benzenes (CBzs) were characterized in bottom ash and fly ash samples collected simultaneously from one medical waste incinerator (MEWI) and one municipal waste incinerator (MUWI) in northern Vietnam. Total concentrations of seven CBzs in the fly ash samples ranged from 6.98 to 34.4 (median 19.1) ng g −1 in the MEWI, and ranged from 59.1 to 391 (median 197) ng g −1 in the MUWI. Concentrations of CBzs in the bottom ash samples of the MEWI (median 1.95; range 1.53-5.98 ng g −1 ) were also lower than those measured in the MUWI samples (median 17.4; range 14.5-42.6 ng g −1 ). Levels of CBzs in the fly ash samples were significantly higher than concentrations measured in the bottom ash samples, partially indicating the low-temperature catalytic formation of these pollutants in post-combustion zone. In general, higher chlorinated congeners (e.g., hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorobenzene, and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene) were more abundant than lower chlorinated compounds. However, compositional profiles of CBzs were different between the ash types and incinerators and even between the same sample types of different sampling days, suggesting that the formation of CBzs in these incinerators is complicated and influenced by many factors. Emission factors and annual emission amounts of CBzs were estimated for the two incinerators by using actually measured data of CBz concentrations in the ash. Daily intake doses and cancer risks of ash-bound CBzs estimated for workers in the two incinerators were generally lower than critical values, but cancer risks caused by other relevant pollutants (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, and dioxin-related compounds) were not considered.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Concentrations, profiles, emission inventory, and risk assessment of chlorinated benzenes in bottom ash and fly ash of municipal and medical waste incinerators in northern Vietnam

Hoang

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

“…NEV power batteries contain a large number of toxic substances that, if not properly handled, will cause serious harm to the ecological environment and human health [5,26,27]. Battery recycling involves primarily physical disassembly, dry and wet recovery, biological recovery, and other technologies to recover precious metals and degrade harmful substances in batteries [28][29][30]. However, there is an urgent need for more efficient recycling and treatment processes to improve the environment and the economic viability of recycling [31].…”

Section: Literature Review 21 Environmental and Economic Benefits Of Nev Power Battery Recycling And Utilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evolutionary Game Research on Cooperation Mode of the NEV Power Battery Recycling and Gradient Utilization Alliance in the Context of China’s NEV Power Battery Retired Tide

Lyu

Sun

2021

Sustainability

Recycling and gradient utilization (GU) of new energy vehicle (NEV) power batteries plays a significant role in promoting the sustainable development of the economy, society and environment in the context of China’s NEV power battery retirement tide. In this paper, the battery recycling subjects and GU subjects were regarded as members in an alliance, and an evolutionary game model of competition and cooperation between the two types of subjects was established. Evolution conditions and paths of the stable cooperation modes between these two were explored. Suggestions were proposed to avoid entering a state of deadlock and promote the alliance to achieve the “win-win” cooperation mode of effective resource recovery and environmental sustainability. The results revealed four types of certain situations, two types of uncertain situations, and one type of deadlock situation for the evolution of alliance cooperation. The factors of the market environment are evident in not only changing the evolution paths and steady-states of the alliance but also in breaking the evolution deadlock. However, the sensitivity of the members in the alliance to different types of parameters varies greatly. It is difficult for the government to guide the formation of an ideal steady-state of cooperation or break the deadlock of evolution by a single strategy, such as subsidies or supervision. The combination of subsidy-and-supervision or phased regulation should be adopted. Only increasing subsidies is likely to weaken the function of the market and have a counterproductive effect.

“…As a result of coal combustion at thermal power plants, a large amount of ash and slag waste is generated. The level of this waste disposal in Russia is about 4-5%; in developed countries -about 50%, in France and Germany -70%, and in Finland -about 90% of their total amount (Lee et al 2020). These countries use mainly dry ash, their disposal is encouraged by the national policy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Formation Reactions in the Raw Mixture Based on TPP Ash

Koshlak

2021

RoczOchrSrod

The article discusses the physicochemical mechanisms of the effect of chemical reagents on the processes of swelling of the raw mixture based on the ash of thermal power plants. The process of structure formation in such mixtures occurs as a result of physicochemical transformations of its constituent components. To intensify gas evolution and obtain materials of a porous structure, the presence of a gas former is necessary. The author has analysed the possibility of creating a porous structure in a raw mixture based on ash with the introduction of various gas formers or their formation as a result of exchange reactions. The main chemical compounds contributing to pore formation have been determined. To form a given structure, it is proposed to control chemical transformations at the stage of swelling. To study the processes of intensification of gas evolution, the author proposes to investigate the mechanisms of the influence of mineral fillers and chemical reagents on swelling processes based on the analysis of the Gibbs equation. The parameters of the Gibbs equation are obtained, by which it is possible to determine the probability of the occurrence of chemical reactions with the proposed chemical agents for the formation of gas bubbles with (pores) in the raw material.