An Intelligent HAP for Broadband Wireless Communications: Developments, QoS and Applications

Abstract

Aerial telecommunications have been investigated for three decades through the design and evaluation of stratospheric platforms able to offer multiple types of wireless services. HAP may be airplanes or airships and may be manned or unmanned with autonomous operation coupled with remote control from the ground. There is increasing interest in the development of airspace platforms in recent years, for example, HAP carrying equipment for telecommunications, remote sensing or digital broadcasting. The multiple types of platform are able to carry a communication payload at different altitudes. Regarding the altitude of aerial communication, there are three categories of balloons, High Altitude Platforms (HAP), Medium Altitude platform (MAP) and Low Altitude Platform (LAP). HAPs provide an excellent option for emergency communications, their survivability during a disaster and ability to be continuously on station offer an ideal solution for an emergency communications capability. This paper focused on the basic characteristics of communication systems based on HAP, it outlines alternative network architecture scenarios for provision of wireless access to broadband communication services. HAP can coexist with WiMAX in same coverage area. Therefore, these systems can work efficiently and effectively with share frequency to sustain high QoS.

High Altitude Platform Stations in Design Wireless Communication System for Cover the Specific Area

“…One HAPS airship can be offer remarkable coverage measurement 400 Km distance of the ground area instead of 258 ground terrestrial towers [2]. (Figure 5) have been plotted with Matlab program, it explains the relationship between the elevation angle and the radius of the coverage area.…”

“…The service of high altitude platform station (HAPS) includes wireless communication, broadband communication, weather monitoring, security monitoring and data of city map collection. The High-Altitude Platform Station (HAPS) is situated between 17 and 22 Km above ground [2]. HAPS coverage area about 200 Km to 500 Km depend on the specific area which has been chosen to design these technologies [12].…”

Network Architectures Exploiting Multiple Tethered Balloon Constellations for Coverage Extension

“…Their most important features are: lower cost of installation and maintenance, low delay etc. [1,2]. Aerial platform categories represented as High Altitude Platform (HAP) which placed in stratosphere layer and operated at an altitude of 17-22 Km [2].…”

“…[1,2]. Aerial platform categories represented as High Altitude Platform (HAP) which placed in stratosphere layer and operated at an altitude of 17-22 Km [2]. Also, Medium Altitude Platform (MAP) and Low Altitude Platform (LAP) which placed in troposphere layer [1,2] as shown in Fig.…”

“…1. Tethered Balloon is one of LAP families which operate at altitude 200-440 m [2]. It is an inflated fabric structure, which classified as lighter than air (LTA).…”