An intensity-based optical fibre sensor for fatigue damage detection in advanced fibre-reinforced composites

Badcock, Rodney A.; Fernando, Gerard Franklyn

doi:10.1088/0964-1726/4/4/001

Cited by 50 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…At present, previous reports on the fatigue testing of EFPI sensors has been mainly limited to T/T regimes. Badcock and Fernando [15] examined CFRP composite samples under T/C loading; finding that embedment of the EFPI sensor had no detrimental affect on the fatigue resistance of the composite. However, in that work the sensors were designed such that the cleaved faces of the optical fibers were butted together, this prevented the sensors being interrogated during the T/C fatigue loading.…”

Section: Fatigue Testing Of Composite Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of embedded optical fiber sensors in composites: EFPI sensor response to fatigue loading

Etches

Fernando

2009

Polymer Composites

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Extrinsic Fiber Fabry-Perot Interferometric (EFPI) sensors were fabricated and embedded within a 16-layer cross-ply composite. The composites with and without the embedded EFPI sensors were subjected to tension/compression loading. The presence of the embedded sensor was not found to have adverse effect on the tension/compression fatigue properties. However, the performance of the EFPI sensor was found to degrade with fatigue cycles, with the introduction of a compressive element in the loading regime; samples were tested using stress ratios of 21, 22.5, and 23. Although the reasons for this observed degradation in the response of the sensor to applied strain is not known at present, it is speculated that this may be due to debonding of the key components of the sensor.

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Section: Fatigue Testing Of Composite Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of embedded optical fiber sensors in composites: EFPI sensor response to fatigue loading

Etches

Fernando

2009

Polymer Composites

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“…In addition to the parameters discussed in the introduction that can give rise to residual fabrication strain in composites, attention also needs to be paid to non-uniform temperature and cure gradients during the processing of preforms [ 49 , 50 ]. With reference to strain metrology using optical fibres, due consideration needs to be given to the nature of the interface between the surface of the optical fibre/sensor and the matrix [ 1 , 51 , 52 ]. Appropriate packaging and sensor protection systems are also important if the longevity of the sensor system is to be ensured [ 53 , 54 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Pre-Stressed Composites Using Optical Fibre Sensors

Krishnamurthy¹,

Badcock

Machavaram

et al. 2016

Sensors

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Residual stresses in fibre reinforced composites can give rise to a number of undesired effects such as loss of dimensional stability and premature fracture. Hence, there is significant merit in developing processing techniques to mitigate the development of residual stresses. However, tracking and quantifying the development of these fabrication-induced stresses in real-time using conventional non-destructive techniques is not straightforward. This article reports on the design and evaluation of a technique for manufacturing pre-stressed composite panels from unidirectional E-glass/epoxy prepregs. Here, the magnitude of the applied pre-stress was monitored using an integrated load-cell. The pre-stressing rig was based on a flat-bed design which enabled autoclave-based processing. A method was developed to end-tab the laminated prepregs prior to pre-stressing. The development of process-induced residual strain was monitored in-situ using embedded optical fibre sensors. Surface-mounted electrical resistance strain gauges were used to measure the strain when the composite was unloaded from the pre-stressing rig at room temperature. Four pre-stress levels were applied prior to processing the laminated preforms in an autoclave. The results showed that the application of a pre-stress of 108 MPa to a unidirectional [0]16 E-glass/913 epoxy preform, reduced the residual strain in the composite from −600 µε (conventional processing without pre-stress) to approximately zero. A good correlation was observed between the data obtained from the surface-mounted electrical resistance strain gauge and the embedded optical fibre sensors. In addition to “neutralising” the residual stresses, superior axial orientation of the reinforcement can be obtained from pre-stressed composites. A subsequent publication will highlight the consequences of pres-stressing on fibre alignment, the tensile, flexural, compressive and fatigue performance of unidirectional E-glass composites.

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“…18 (iv) In general, when embedded, they tend not to affect adversely the quasi-static tensile mechanical properties of composites. 19 (v) Optical fibre sensors can be multiplexed. In other words, a number of similar or different sensors can be attached along a single optical fibre.…”

Section: Optical Fibres: An Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process monitoring of fibre reinforced composites using optical fibre sensors

Fernando¹,

Degamber²

2006

International Materials Reviews

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The deployment of optical fibre based sensor systems for process monitoring of advanced fibre reinforced organic matrix composites is reviewed. The focus is on thermosetting resins and the various optical and spectroscopy-based techniques that can be used to monitor the processing of these materials. Following brief consideration of the manufacturing methods commonly used in the production of thermoset based composites, a discussion is presented on sensor systems that can be used to facilitate real-time chemical process monitoring. Although the focus is on thermosets, the techniques described can be adapted for chemical monitoring of organic species in general. Glossary of terms usedAFRC advanced fibre reinforced composites ATIR attenuated total internal reflectance ATR attenuated total reflectance CCD charged coupled device CRL charge recombination luminescence DDM diaminophenylmethane DDS diaminophenylsulphone DGEBA diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A DICY dicyandiamide DMA dynamic mechanical analysis DMTA dynamic mechanical thermal analysis DRS diffuse reflectance spectroscopy DSC differential scanning calorimetry DTA differential thermal analysis EFPI extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometric FBG fibre Bragg grating FTIR Fourier transform infrared HMGF heavy metal glass fibre IR infrared LED light emitting diode MCVD modified chemical vapour deposition MEA monoethylamine NA numerical aperture NIR near infrared NMR nuclear magnetic resonance OD outer diameter PCS plastic-clad silica PEEK polyether ether ketone PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene SLD super-luminescent diode SMA standard sub-miniature adaptor TGA thermogravimetric analysis TGDDM tetraglycidyl-4,49-diaminophenyl methane (also TGMDA) TMA thermomechanical analysis UV ultraviolet VNA vector network analyser

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An intensity-based optical fibre sensor for fatigue damage detection in advanced fibre-reinforced composites

Cited by 50 publications

References 25 publications

Evaluation of embedded optical fiber sensors in composites: EFPI sensor response to fatigue loading

Evaluation of embedded optical fiber sensors in composites: EFPI sensor response to fatigue loading

Monitoring Pre-Stressed Composites Using Optical Fibre Sensors

Process monitoring of fibre reinforced composites using optical fibre sensors

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