An Interactive 3D Anisotropic Cellular Automata Model of the Heart

Visualization of Cellular Automata in Nanotechnology

“…Sometimes they come out as a result of generalization of 2D-models as, for example, if the case of Oono-Kohomoto's CA [4] for diffusion description [45] or the automata for simulation of the famous Belousov-Jabotinski reaction (The Project CA3D [46]). Nevertheless, 3D CA model of heart has been known in medicine for a long time already [47]. Assembly of a nanorobot consisting of 55 thousands 3D CA cells is presented in the paper [48].…”

Computer Simulation of Clinical Electrophysiological Study

“…Siregar et al. employed three specific models of a normal heart, left ventricular hypertrophy, and ventricular dilatation so as to simulate the corresponding vectorcardiogram and standard 12‐lead electrocardiogram 7 . Simelius et al.…”

“…lar dilatation so as to simulate the corresponding vectorcardiogram and standard 12-lead electrocardiogram. 7 Simelius et al simulated the body surface potential and magnetocardiographic maps by using realistic three-dimensional ventricular models, which incorporated the microscopicand macroscopic-level modeling of the cardiac activation. 8 Ten Tusscher and Panfilov developed a His-Purkinje system in a human ventricular model in order to simulate the normal activation pattern and abnormal activation patterns of bundle branch block and bundle branch reentry.…”

A Meshfree Method for Simulating Myocardial Electrical Activity

“…Every cell has the same rule for updating, based on the states in its neighborhood. Because the simplicity of states and superior computational speed resulted from rules, cellular automata have been applied in simulations of myocardial electrical activity in the heart [5, 6], but such simplistic and rule-based approaches cannot always properly capture the shape of transmembrane potentials. A reaction-diffusion system is a mathematical model that describes how the concentration of one or more substances distributed in space changes under the influence of two processes: local reactions in which the substances are converted into each other and diffusion which causes the substances to spread out in space.…”